Clinical data indicate that patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels higher than 2 mg per liter suffer from persistent inflammation, which is associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined whether a panel of biomarkers associated with CVD could predict recurrent events in patients with low or persistent inflammation and coronary artery disease (CAD). We followed 917 patients with CAD (median 4.59 ± 2.39 years), assessing CRP, galectin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin-I plasma levels. The primary outcome was the combination of cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome, stroke or transient ischemic event, heart failure or death). Patients with persistent inflammation (n = 343) showed higher NT-proBNP and MCP-1 plasma levels compared to patients with CRP < 2 mg/L. Neither MCP-1 nor NT-proBNP was associated with primary outcome in patients with CRP < 2 mg/L. However, NT-proBNP and MCP-1 plasma levels were associated with increased risk of the primary outcome in patients with persistent inflammation. When patients were divided by type of event, MCP-1 was associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic events. A significant interaction between MCP-1 and persistent inflammation was found (synergy index: 6.17 (4.39–7.95)). In conclusion, MCP-1 plasma concentration is associated with recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with persistent inflammation.
Introduction: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with early and severe atherosclerosis. However, few biomarkers can predict cardiovascular events in this population. Methods: We followed 964 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), assessing plasma levels of galectin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at baseline. The secondary outcomes were acute ischemia and heart failure or death. The primary outcome was the combination of the secondary outcomes. Results. Two hundred thirty-two patients had T2DM. Patients with T2DM showed higher MCP-1 (144 (113–195) vs. 133 (105–173) pg/mL, p = 0.006) and galectin-3 (8.3 (6.5–10.5) vs. 7.8 (5.9–9.8) ng/mL, p = 0.049) levels as compared to patients without diabetes. Median follow-up was 5.39 years (2.81–6.92). Galectin-3 levels were associated with increased risk of the primary outcome in T2DM patients (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.57 (1.07–2.30); p = 0.022), along with a history of cerebrovascular events. Treatment with clopidogrel was associated with lower risk. In contrast, NT-proBNP and MCP-1, but not galectin-3, were related to increased risk of the event in nondiabetic patients (HR 1.21 (1.04–1.42); p = 0.017 and HR 1.23 (1.05–1.44); p = 0.012, respectively), along with male sex and age. Galectin-3 was also the only biomarker associated with the development of acute ischemic events and heart failure or death in T2DM patients, while, in nondiabetics, MCP-1 and NT-proBNP, respectively, were related to these events. Conclusion: In CAD patients, galectin-3 plasma levels are associated with cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM, and MCP-1 and NT-proBNP in those without T2DM.
Tras su redacción, la presente memoria ha sido enviada por mí, encontrándola conforme para ser presentada y aspirar al grado de Doctor ante el Tribunal designado. 5.-DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................. 13 RESUMEN Introducción y objetivosEl incremento de la creatinina plasmática tras una intervención coronaria percutánea no es infrecuente y se ha asociado a un pronóstico adverso. Además, el desarrollo de nefropatía tras el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo se asocia a un importante aumento de la morbi-mortalidad (mortalidad intrahospitalaria en torno al 20%) y a un incremento de la estancia y de los costes hospitalarios.Las causas de insuficiencia renal aguda tras un procedimiento de revascularización coronaria percutánea son muy variadas, e incluyen nefrotoxicidad por el contraste, alteraciones hemodinámicas, toxicidad farmacológica o ateroembolia. El grado de insuficiencia renal preexistente es el mayor factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de nefropatía post-intervencionismo coronario y por lo tanto las medidas nefroprotectoras se focalizan en este subgrupo de pacientes. Sin embargo, los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo tratados mediante revascularización percutánea pueden constituir también una población con un mayor riesgo de nefropatía post-intervencionismo coronario percutáneo.El mejor tratamiento de esta grave complicación es la prevención. En las guías actuales de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología para el manejo de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación persistente del segmento ST solo se recomiendan medidas nefroprotectoras en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo e insuficiencia renal crónica, por lo que la realización de estudios en los pacientes con función renal normal podría identificar un subgrupo de los mismos que también se beneficien de estas medidas preventivas.14 Existen pocos estudios que hayan evaluado de forma específica la prevalencia y pronóstico a largo plazo de la nefropatía post-intervencionismo coronario percutáneo en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y función renal normal.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia, los factores de riesgo y el pronóstico hospitalario y a largo plazo de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y función renal normal que desarrollan nefropatía tras un intervencionismo coronario percutáneo. MétodosEstudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico con seguimiento prospectivo de 470 pacientes consecutivos ingresados por síndrome coronario agudo sin shock cardiogénico y sometidos a intervencionismo coronario percutáneo sin insuficiencia renal pre-existente (creatinina al ingreso ≤ 1,3 mg/dl).La nefropatía post-intervencionismo coronario fue definida como un incremento de la creatinina basal de ≥ 0,5 mg/dl o ≥ 25% del valor basal.El intervencionismo coronario fue realizado según técnicas estándar utilizando el acceso radial en la mayoría de los casos (394 [83,8%]). En todos los casos los medios de contraste utilizados fueron e...
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