The sural nerve is the most commonly nerve used in nerve transplantation, and so the aim of this study was to determine the variations of the sural nerve in the back of the leg, its relations to the calcaneal tendon and lateral malleolus, and determine the patterns of its distribution on the dorsum of the foot. Twenty-four Egyptian legs and feet were dissected. The results showed that the sural communicating nerve connected with the sural nerve in 87.5%. The predominant site of union between these two nerves was in the lower one-third of the leg and ankle region (62%). There was only one right leg that the sural nerve passed through the gastrocnemius. The small saphenous vein passed along the medial side of the sural nerve in 100%. The sural nerve crossed the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon in 50%. The distance between the sural nerve and insertion of calcaneal tendon was 16 + 7 mm in 91.7%. There were four types of pattern of innervation of the toes by the sural nerve. The predominant pattern was type I (45.8%), where the lateral side of the little toe was supplied by the sural nerve alone. The second pattern was type IV (29.2%), where the lateral 2 ½ toes were supplied by the sural nerve alone. These findings are important for sural nerve biopsy and grafts, surgical repair of the calcaneal tendon, and regional anesthesia of the foot.

Background: Corneal epithelial injuries are common in both physician and veterinary ophthalmology that often causes extensive damage and results in permanent visual impairment. Aim of work: to evaluate the beneficial effect of hyaluronic acid and MSCs in treatment of experimental alkali corneal burn. Subjects and methods: thirty adult albino rats of both sexes. Ten rats were used to harvest BM-MSCs while the others were divided into four groups. Group I was the control group. Group II with unilateral alkali-burnt cornea these rats were sacrificed after 1 day and the other sacrificed after 2 weeks. Group III were rats with unilateral hyaluronic acidtreated alkali-burnt corneas for 2 weeks. Group IV were rats with MSCs treated alkali-burnt corneas. Immune histochemical staining for CD44 and vimentin was performed. The corneas were examined using light microscopic, transmission electron microscopic and morphometric studies. Results: Corneal alkali burn resulted in desquamation of corneal epithelium in group II. The epithelial cell layers had vacuolated cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei. The stroma contained irregularly arranged collagen fibers with wide spacing and congested blood vessels with cellular infiltration. Groups III and IV showed improvement of the histological and electron microscopic changes described in group II. Conclusions: The use of MSCs in the acute stage of corneal chemical trauma was associated with faster recovery of the wounded cornea when compared with the effect of hyaluronic acid sodium salt.

The point was to contemplate the ordinary elements of the coronary corridors during life by utilizing quantitative coronary angiography concerning varieties and conceivably to help interventional cardiologist and heart specialist . The chose people (256) of both genders, 128 guys and 128 females, were separated into 4 subgroups as indicated by age ,Group A,(30Y:< 40Y), Group B,(40Y:< 50Y), Group C(50Y:< 60Y),Group D, their ages were over 60 years. The people enrolled for coronary angiography in catheterization lab unit in Benha University Hospital were taken a crack at this examination. Angiograms showing impediments were rejected from this investigation. The boundaries of the coronary corridors were bigger in guys than females with huge p-esteem for length of LMCA and distance across of RCA in regards to breadth of LMCA additionally was bigger among guys yet genuinely was nonsignificant. Trifurcation of LMCA discovered to be altogether more regular in guys than females .The mean measurement of the coronary supply routes commonly expanded with increment in age with critical pesteem for width of LMCA in regards to the breadth of RCA additionally expanded with increment in age however measurably was nonsignificant. The boundaries of the coronary veins were bigger in guys than females. Trifurcation of LMCA discovered to be fundamentally more successive in guys than females. The mean distance across of the coronary conduits for the most part expanded with increment in age.

Background: Male infertility is considered a major cause of couple infertility as it represents 25- 50 % of infertility cases. In addition, non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents 10% of all infertile men.There is no definite curable treatment for such cases. Aim of Work: The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs in treating busulfan-induced azoospermia in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: BM-MSCs were extracted from the femur bones of five adult Wistar rats and AT-MSCs from preperitoneal adipose tissue. They were then evaluated for morphology, MSC markers, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. To produce azoospermia in male Wistar rats, two doses of busulfan (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during a 21-day period. The seminiferous tubules of each testis were injected with 2.5106 MSCs 35 days after the second busulfan injection. 12 weeks after cell therapy, the testes were examined histopathologically and histomorphometrically. Results: Like the control group, the seminiferous tubules treated with BM-MSCs demonstrated normal spermatogenesis in compared to the busulfan-induced azoospermic testes. In contrast to the busulfan-induced azoospermic testes, the seminiferous tubules treated with AT-MSCs exhibited a practically typical look of spermatogenesis. Conclusion: BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs were shown to be beneficial in treating azoospermia in the wistar rat model, restoring fertility to busulfan-induced azoospermic animals after MSC transplantation. As a result, this discovery may pave the way for the future use of MSCs in the treatment of human azoospermia, although more research should be conducted to confirm the findings.

Background: The sternum is one of the bones of the skeleton with frequently detected variation, present study focused on morphometric study of the egyptian sternum by CT scan.Methods: 240 CT scan film from individual aged between 10 to more than 60 years divided into 6 groups according to age each group included 40 cases (20 males and 20 females) for estimation of the sternal parameters which include the lengths of manubrium, sternal body , xiphoid process , the whole sternal length , detection of the variable maturation of the sternum and the presence of sternal foramina, sex variations of results are detected Results: The mean length of different parts of sternum was recorded as following: manubrium was 3.8 cm in males, 3.6 cm in females. The body length was 8.6 cm in males, 7.9 cm in females, The xiphoid length was 2.5 cm in males, 1.9 cm in females. The total sterna length was 14.9 cm in males, 13.6 cm in females. The complete or partial fusion of the manbriosternal junction is noticed in all the cases above fifty years. The complete or partial fusion of the xiphisternal junction is noticed in most of subjects by the age of forty five years. The pattern of fusion of the sternal elements has no relation to sex .The sternal foramen detected only in 8.3 % of cases.Conclusions: Identification of sternal measurement and their anomalies such as sternal foramen has medicolegal and forensic importance.