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587 Background: Patient survival is impacted by several factors, one of which is stage at diagnosis. From 1976 to 2014, CRC death rate in the United States (US) declined by 51%. This retrospective study was conducted using US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data to evaluate 1- and 5-year relative survival for patients with CRC by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, age and sex at diagnosis. Methods: The study included adults (age ≥20 years) in the SEER-18 registry diagnosed with CRC in 2004-2014. One- and 5-year relative survival rates were stratified by AJCC stage, age group (20-64 vs. ≥65 years) and sex. Results: One- and 5-year survival was calculated by age and stage at diagnosis (Table), and by sex (data not shown). Overall, 5-year survival rates declined compared to 1-year rates, with the biggest decline observed in stage IV patients. Survival was higher in the younger cohort than in patients ≥65 years of age regardless of stage. Both men and women diagnosed with stage IIB CRC had lower 1- and 5-year survival compared to stage IIIA and IIIB groups, consistent with previous findings. Patients with stage IV had the lowest survival irrespective of age or sex. Conclusions: Overall trends in 1- and 5-year relative survival for CRC varied by AJCC stage, age and sex. Since survival is lowest among CRC patients diagnosed at stage IV, particularly in elderly patients, it reinforces the need for early diagnosis and availability of innovative late stage therapies in this population. [Table: see text]

9004 Background: Given the importance of molecular testing and targeted therapy for mNSCLC, the MYLUNG (Molecularly Informed Lung Cancer Treatment in a Community Cancer Network) consortium pragmatic study assessed real-world biomarker testing rates and turnaround times (TAT) within The US Oncology Network of over 1,000 providers across the United States. Methods: This was a retrospective observational chart review study of pts with mNSCLC initiating first-line (1L) systemic therapy between 04/01/2018 and 03/31/2020. iKnowMed electronic health records were used to examine timing of biomarker testing: before 1L therapy (cohort 1), after 1L therapy (cohort 2) or no testing (cohort 3). We assessed testing rates for ALK, BRAF, EGFR, ROS1, and PD-L1; use of full next-generation sequencing panel (NGS); time from mNSCLC diagnosis (dx) to 1L therapy; TAT from biomarker orders to results; and time from mNSCLC dx to test results. Results: We identified 3474 adults. Median age was 69 years (range 23-90), 51% female, 74% with adenocarcinoma and 76% with a documented ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. Testing rates are shown in table: 90% of pts had at least one biomarker test and 46% received all 5 biomarker tests. Changes in testing rates from 2018 to 2020 were 51% to 59% for BRAF, 71% to 71% for EGFR, 71% to 70% for ALK, 69% to 67% for ROS1, 82% to 84% for PD-L1, and 42% to 49% for pts tested for all 5 biomarkers. NGS testing increased from 33% to 44% (p<0.0001). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time from mNSCLC dx to 1L therapy for all pts was 35 (22, 55) days. Median (IQR) TAT from biomarker testing orders to results ranged from 10 (6, 17) to 15 (10, 22) days for the individual biomarkers; and time from mNSCLC dx to biomarker results ranged from 14 (7, 26) to 21 (12, 36) days by biomarker. Conclusions: This real-world study showed that most pts received at least one biomarker test prior to 1L, but <50% received all 5 tests. NGS testing occurred in <50% of pts but increased over the periods examined. Median time from dx to 1L therapy was about 5 weeks and TAT from orders to results about 2 weeks. Analyses by histology and other trends will be reported. These data will be compared to the next phase of the MYLUNG study, which will evaluate contemporary ordering practices and TATs prospectively[Table: see text]

surement with more than one endpoint is the generation of a cardinal index/score. Without the prioritization and weighting of multiple endpoints a deduction of recommendations might be questionable. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted to elicit patients' preferences about antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C. For the Discrete-Choice-Experiment (DCE), 7 attributes were selected with 3 Levels each. Therefore an orthogonal, balanced and efficient design was used and results were analysed with random effects logit models. RESULTS: Patients and experts prioritized the respective endpoints in almost the same order, but weighted them differently. Sustained-Virological-Response received the highest weight followed by frequency of application (patients) or duration of therapy (experts). CONCLUSIONS: Aim was to demonstrate how DCEs can be used to empirically determine which PREs should be included in the efficiency frontier analysis. Further it is demonstrated how such methods can be used to prioritize across such multiple efficiency frontiers. The survey demonstrated how DCEs could be used to empirically determine which PREs are important in antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The results could be used for the development of innovative therapeutic schemes and new drugs which could meet patients' needs. For IQWiG purposes the weights of PREs are included in the health economic evaluation. OBJECTIVES:To determine health care provider perceptions about timing of 'rapid' warfarin reversal-related patient care events using novel survey methodology. METHODS: Forty-eight adult and pediatric trauma centers were contacted to participate in a direct-to-provider (DTP) survey. Participants were asked to provide aggregate information about patients receiving fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) for acute warfarin reversal. RESULTS: Nineteen to 25 health care professionals from 18 centers provided information by survey. Average perceptions of time needed to infuse FFP under this setting (mean 4.6 hrs from time of triage; 95% CI 1.0 -8.2 hrs) are consistent with actual, published values. In contrast, average perceptions of time needed for initial International Normalized Ratio (INR) normalization using FFP (mean 5.8 hrs; 95% CI 2.8 -8.8 hrs) underestimate actual, published values by 6 -26 hrs. Health care providers perceived that relatively little cumulative time lapses (1.6 hrs, on the average) for completing the first FFP infusion. There is little perceived time lag between ordering and beginning the first FFP infusion (0.3 hrs, on the average), consistent with actual, published values. There is substantial reported time (an additional 3.0 hrs, on the average) needed to complete subsequent FFP infusions, amounting to 52% of all perceived time lapsing for initial INR normalization in this setting. CONCLUSIONS: DTP survey methodology appears to be an efficient method for gathering clinical information for research purposes. Healthcare providers may have perceptions that are different from published studies, including inaccurate percep...

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Patients receiving oral bisphosphonates on a monthly basis showed higher rates of medication compliance compared to weekly dosing in our study. However, compliance with bisphosphonates among all new users was suboptimal, suggesting the need for improved strategies to enhance compliance with oral bisphosphonates in the US Military Health System.

Objective. To determine the extent of pharmacoeconomic education offered by colleges and schools of pharmacy outside the United States. Methods. A total of 291 colleges and schools of pharmacy in 103 countries were surveyed via e-mail about the type and extent of pharmacoeconomic training offered to their professional and graduate level students. Results. Ninety colleges and schools of pharmacy from 43 countries provided usable responses. Fiftytwo percent of the colleges and schools of pharmacy provided pharmacoeconomics education (Europe, n=19; Asia, n=10; North America, n=7; Oceania, n=6; and other, n=5). Of the 47 colleges and schools responding, 9 provided pharmacoeconomics education at the professional level only, 16 at the graduate level only, and 22 at both levels. More professional students had access to pharmacoeconomics education than graduate students; however, graduate students were offered more pharmacoeconomics class hours than professional students. Conclusions. Many colleges and schools of pharmacy outside the United States offer pharmacoeconomics in their curriculum. Current trends in global pharmacoeconomics education seem to mirror trends that occurred in the United States in the 1990s.

to examine the type and extent of pharmacoepidemiology education offered to professional (PharmD) and graduate (MS/PhD) students. Results. The response rate was 100%. Of the 89 schools surveyed, 69 (78%) provided pharmacoepidemiology education to their professional students. A mean of 119 (660) PharmD students per college/ school per year received some pharmacoepidemiology education (range 1-60 classroom hours; median 10 hours). Thirty-five schools (39%) provided education to a mean of 6 (65) graduate students (range 2-135 classroom hours; median 15 hours). Conclusions. A majority of US colleges and schools of pharmacy offer some pharmacoepidemiology education in their curriculum. However, the topics offered by each school and number of classroom hours varied at both the professional and graduate level.Keywords: pharmacoepidemiology, epidemiology, curriculum INTRODUCTIONPharmacoepidemiology is the ''study of the use and effects of drugs in large numbers of persons.'' 1 It was first described in 1984 when it was proposed that a new discipline was necessary to integrate epidemiology and drug-related events ( Figure 1).2 Since then, pharmacoepidemiology research has evolved into an important discipline that analyzes information pertaining to areas such as adverse drug events, drug utilization patterns, drug efficacy, and post-marketing surveillance research. 3,4 Pharmacoepidemiology contributes to the body of knowledge that supports the optimal use of medications and helps clinicians make better-informed drug therapy decisions. 5 This field of research also plays a fundamental role in the drug-approval process within the United States with regard to drug safety. Recent withdrawals of marketed medications due to adverse events were primarily due to findings from pharmacoepidemiological research. In a recent editorial, Hartzema points to new roles for pharmacoepidemiology, including the development of work on quality indicators (eg, the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare 8th Scope of Work using drug use quality of care indicators) and risk management of medication errors (eg, the FDA RiskMAP). 6 The significance of pharmacoepidemiology is also demonstrated by its inclusion in one of the objectives of Healthy People 2010. 7 In this document, published by the US Department of Health and Human Resources, Objective 17-1a highlights pharmacoepidemiologic databases as resources that can be used by health care organizations to monitor and report adverse events related to medical therapies. 7As the discipline enters into its third decade, a need exists for properly trained pharmacy professionals who are capable of understanding and utilizing fundamental pharmacoepidemiological concepts and methods in their day-to-day practice. Patients and health care providers increasingly rely on pharmacists to appropriately evaluate the benefits and risks of drug therapy, thus indicating a need for pharmacoepidemiology training and education in pharmacy schools. 3,4,6,8 Although epidemiologic terms and statistics often appear in the clinic...