No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

In order to study yield and yield components of sunflower landraces under water deficit conditions, an experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Agricultural Research Center, West-Azerbaijan in 2012-2013 cropping seasons. The selected genotypes were evaluated in a rectangular 7 ? 8 lattice design with two replications. They were treated by three irrigation scenarios including optimum irrigation, moderate stress and severe stress where irrigation was done after depletion of 50%, 70% and 90% of available water, respectively. A number of 56 confectionary sunflower landraces were investigated in this experiment. The results of combined analyzes showed that the single and combined effect of water treatments and genotypes on the majority of traits under study were significant. With increasing the severity of drought stress, grain yield, kernel to grain ratio, number of seeds per head, head diameter, 1000-seed?s weight, biological yield and harvest index decreased while the hollowness percentage increased. Among the studied landraces, the highest grain yield was obtained from 'Angane 4' in optimum irrigation condition whereas in moderate and severe stress, 'Garagoz 1' and 'Salmas-Sadaghian' produced higher grain yield than the other landraces, respectively. At each level of irrigation, genotypes had different responses so that the suitable genotypes could be chosen for different conditions.

This study was conducted as a factorial layout based on completely randomized design in three replications in the 2018. The experimental factors included irrigation intervals with 4 levels (3, 6, 9, and 12 days) and drought stress modifiers at four levels (control (non-spraying), spraying with salicylic acid (2 mM), Glycine betaine (5 mM), and zinc sulfate (5 g L −1). The results indicated that the effect of different levels of drought stress and stress modifiers on yield, water use efficiency, membrane lipidation indices, and water relationship indices were significant. The highest water use efficiency based on dry yield (WUE DY) (2.33 kg m −3) and water use efficiency based on essential oil yield (WUE EOY) (0.22 kg m −3) were obtained from irrigation intervals of three days. With increasing irrigation interval from three days to 12 days, dry yield, leaf water content, WUE EOY , cellular membrane stability (CMS), membrane stability index (MSI), total chlorophyll, chlorophyll index, canopy temperature depression (CTD), and relative water content decreased. However, injury index (I), water saturation deficit (WSD), osmotic potential (OP), electrolyte leakage (EL), essential oil percentage, and leaf temperature increased significantly. It seems that at all levels of irrigation, spraying with glycine betaine compared to other modifiers was more effective in increasing WUE DY , WUE EOY , CMS, MSI, total chlorophyll and relative water content, and decrease in I and WSD and EL. Based on the findings, it can be stated that with increasing the irrigation intervals, quantitative and qualitative yields of the pot marigold plant are reduced. The application of drought stress modifiers can reduce the effects of drought stress on this plant, thereby raising WUE DY and WUE EOY .

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are organisms that cause to enhance the resistance of having fungi to water stress. To survey the effects of various levels of water deficit and two kinds of mycorrhizal fungi on quantitative and qualitative traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars, an experimental using factorialsplit plot design was carried out with three replications in the research field of Agricultural Research Center, West-Azerbaijan in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The main plots (factor A and B) included different levels of irrigation; normal irrigation (irrigation after 70 mm evaporation of crop (ETc)), moderate water stress (irrigation after 90 mm ETc) and severe water stress (irrigation after 110 mm ETc) and factor B included three levels: two kinds of mycorrhizal fungi Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and noninoculated (control). Sub plots (factor C) consisted of eight commercial cultivars of sesame named "single branch Naz", "several branches Naz", "Dashtestan 5", "Dashtestan 2", "Darab 2", "Darab 14", "Halil" and "Pal". Mean comparison of 2-yr showed that with enhancing severity of water deficit, all studied traits decreased. Severe water stress reduced seed yield, oil yield, protein yield and biological yield about 64, 65, 62 and 40 percent, respectively. Using two kinds of mycorrhizal fungi F. mosseae, R. intraradices compared to non-inoculated (control) traits quantitative and qualitative traits increased. Also in three different irrigation conditions, "Darab 2" and "Darab 14" were superior commercial cultivars. To improve quantitative and qualitative traits of sesame, use of mycorrhizal fungi, especially F. mosseae was found to be recommendable.