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SummarySpontaneous ventilation during general anaesthesia leads to respiratory depression and atelectasis. Mechanical ventilation increases tidal volume and eliminates atelectasis. The study material consisted of a total of 20 dogs of different breed, age and gender. Dogs were divided into two groups, consisted of 10 dogs. The first group was established as the spontaneous ventilation (SV) group, while the second group was the mechanical ventilation (MV) group. For induction of anaesthesia, propofol was administered to both groups via intravenous injection at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from all dogs in 5 minutes after propofol administration. This period was determined as Minute 0 (T 0 ). In both groups, inhalation anaesthesia was continued with isoflurane. Venous blood samples were collected from dogs in the SV and MV groups at 15 (T 15 ), 30 (T 30 ) and 60 (T 60 ) minutes. Heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO 2 , body temperature and blood gases were monitored. Statistical evaluation of the study was carried out using the Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance method. The results obtained showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the SV and MV groups regarding the examined parameters. However, in the assessments within the group, results obtained from the dogs in the MV group were more reliable from the point of view of the patients remaining stable throughout anaesthesia. Keywords: Spontaneous ventilation, Mechanical ventilation, Blood gases, Dog Köpeklerde Genel Anestezi Sürecinde Spontan ve Mekanik Ventilasyonun Kan Gazları Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması ÖzetGenel anestezide spontan ventilasyon, solunumun baskılanmasına ve atelektaziye yol açar. Mekanik ventilasyon tidal volümü artırır ve atelektaziyi giderir. Çalışma materyalini, farklı ırk, yaş ve cinsiyetteki toplam 20 köpek oluşturdu. Olgular, her grupta 10 köpek olacak şekilde 2'ye ayrıldı. İlk grup spontan ventilasyon (SV), ikinci grup mekanik ventilasyon (MV) grubu olarak belirlendi. Anestezi indüksiyonunda her iki gruba, propofol 6 mg/kg'dan intravenöz enjeksiyonla verildi. Tüm köpeklerden, propofol enjeksiyonunu takip eden 5. dakikada kan örnekleri alındı. Bu süre 0. dakika (T 0 ) olarak değerlendirildi. Her iki grubun inhalasyon anestezisi izofloranla sürdürüldü. SV ve MV grubundaki olgulardan 15. dakika (T 15 ), 30. dakika (T 30 ) ve 60. dakika (T 60 )'larda venöz kan örnekleri alındı. Kalp atım sayısı, solunum sayısı, SpO 2 , vücut ısısı ve kan gazları monitörize edildi. Çalışmanın istatistiki değerlendirmesi Tekrarlı Ölçüm Varyans Analizi metodu ile yapıldı. Elde edilen bulgular, incelenen parametreler yönünden SV ve MV grupları arasında istatistiki anlamda önemli bir fark olmadığını gösterdi. Ancak grup içi değerlendirmelerde, MV grubundaki köpeklerden elde edilen sonuçların, hastaların anestezi süresince stabil kalmaları açısından daha güvenilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı.

A four-year-old Saanen goat, weighing 52 kg, was referred to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology clinic with black discoloration of the left mammary gland. The goat's general condition was not good upon initial examination. The goat was anorexic, lethargic, and febrile (rectal temperature of 40°C) with a palpably cold left mammary gland on which there was an accumulation of pus. Somatic cell count (SCC) was measured as 820,000/ml in the milk sample collected from the infected gland, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. Gangrenous mastitis was diagnosed on the left mammary gland of the goat based on the clinical findings. To treat the condition, a unilateral mastectomy was performed successfully. The goat was fully recovered a week after surgery. This case aimed to establish a surgical approach of unilateral mastectomy as a treatment option for goats with gangrenous mastitis while allowing the other mammary gland to continue lactation. Thus, it can be concluded that unilateral mastectomy is a viable alternative treatment of goats with gangrenous mastitis. ª 2015 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

A four years old cat was presented to Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with complaints of weakness, inappetency, vomiting and estrus signs although it was spayed. Blood tests, radiography and ultrasonography revealed abdominal mass and uterine stump which were then removed surgically. Multilobular mass was defined as solid granulosa cell tumor (GCT). Increase of estrogen (E2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values were detected on the 10th postoperative day. On the 40th postoperative day, the cat was brought to Internal Medicine Clinic with the complaints of weakness, inappetency and cachexia. Anemia, leucocytosis, uremia, hyperglycemia, sensitiveness and pain in the right abdomen were determined. A tumor was detected in the liver by radiography and ultrasonography and was suspected to be GCT metastasis. Despite medical therapy, the cat died after four months. In conclusion; retained ovarian tissue after erroneous ovariohysterectomy may cause, regular estrus signs and GCT development. Even if GCTs are removed by surgical approach, they have metastatic potential that deteriorates the prognosis. Evaluating IGF-1 and E2 in the short postoperative term are beneficial for determining the metastatic potential of GCTs.

In this study we investigated the effects of antibiotic and intraperitoneal ozone administration on pro-inflammatory cytokine, antioxidant levels and tissue damage in the treatment of experimentally infectious peritonitis. Thirty-three adult male New Zealand White Rabbits were used. The study consisted of four groups including the non-treatment group (G₁), antibiotic group (G₂), ozone group (G₃) and ozone + antibiotic group (G₄). Trimethoprim sulfadimethylprymidine was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) and amoxicillin sodium at a dose of 15 mg/kg intramuscularly (i.m.). Medical ozone was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a concentration of 30 µg O₃/ml and dose of 80 ml/kg. Once peritonitis was produced, blood samples were taken from the animals before treatment and at regular intervals following treatment. Blood samples were used for haemograms and to measure levels of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Tissue samples were examined histopathologically. There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Antioxidant enzymes were found to be higher in groups G₂ and G₃. The granulocyte and lymphocyte values in group G₃ were determined to increase earlier than in the other groups. The peritonitis scores were similar in G₁ and G₃, which is higher compared to G₂ and G₄ groups. Minimal tissue damage was observed in the group G₂. It was concluded that antibiotic use for preventing peritoneum damage in experimental acute peritonitis was more effective than ozone therapy alone.

This case report describes the diagnosis, the treatment options available in the absence of dantrolene and outcome of anaesthesia-related hyperthermia seen for the first time in an Anatolian shepherd dog. The case consisted of a nine-month-old male Anatolian shepherd dog with bilateral antebrachium fractures. For surgical treatment, the patient was pre-medicated with xylazine; anaesthesia was induced using ketamine and maintained with isoflurane. Approximately 40 minutes after isoflurane administration, tachypnoea, tachycardia, increase in body temperature and rigidity in the forelegs and masseter muscles was noticed. Inhalation anaesthesia was discontinued and hyperventilation was performed with 100% O 2 . Due to its vasodilatory properties, diazepam was administered both to achieve muscle relaxation and to decrease body temperature. Alfentanil was used in an attempt to lower respiratory and heart rates. Intravenous administration of cold crystalloid solutions and external ice packs was used to lower body temperature. All these interventions kept the patient alive.

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