Objective: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a great economic burden to the society mainly in terms of the large number of the lost work days and disability, and it appears to be growing. The economic burden of LBP in Turkey is not known. This study aims to analyze the health care resource use, work and productivity loss, and health-related economics of CLBP in Turkey. Material and Methods:The study was designed as a multi-centered cross-sectional survey of patients in physical therapy and rehabilitation clinics from eight different regions of Turkey and 662 patients with CLBP over 18 years of age were included. Data on patient sociodemographics, disease-related healthcare resource use during the previous 6 months, inability to work during the last 3 months, Roland Morris Disability Index for the functional status, and psychological health with Beck Depression Scale were collected. Direct costs included medical visits, investigations, medications, hospitalizations, orthopedic aids, and physical therapy. İndirect costs were evaluated mostly with productivity loss. Results: The total annual direct costs for CLBP per patient were estimated at 1080 TL. The indirect costs were estimated at 5511 TL per patient. Direct cost was correlated with disease severity, duration, and age. Indirect cost was higher in women. Conclusion: The indirect costs for CLBP were significantly higher than the direct costs.

Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the demographic characteristics and functional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to evaluate the psychological status of their mothers.Results: A total of 101 patients were included in the study (%57,4% boys, %42,6% girls). Their mean age was 6,79±4,48 (1,5-18) years. Mothers’ mean age was 33,31±7,72 (20-53) years. The neurologic classification were as follows: diplegia 27,7%, tetraplegia 45,5%, hemiplegia 19,8%, dyskinetic or ataxic 6,9%. The GMFCS levels were as follows: level 1 11,9%, level 2 14,9%, level 3 17,8%, level 4 25.7%, level 5 29,7%. SCL-90-R outcomes were as follows: 38,6% somatization, 18,8% anxiety, 37,6% obsessive-compulsive, 36,6% depression, 32,7% interpersonal-sensitivity, 21,8% eating-sleeping disorder. We didn’t detect any significant correlation between the GMFCS levels of children and mothers’ physicological status. Childrens’ low WeeFIM scores were related with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, depression, interpersonalsensitivity, paranoid ideation and eating-sleeping disorder. (p=0,009, p=0,017, p=0,009, P=0,0001, p=0,021, p=0,001 respectively). The presence of chronic disease was related with somatization, anxiety and depression (p=0,001, p=0,024, p=0,008 respectively). The presence of pain was related with somatization (p=0,0001).Conclusion: Lower WeeFIM scores of children with CP and chronic disease and pain presence in their mothers were detected as the factors that negatively affect psychological status of mothers.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 01 January’22 Page: 17-23

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Objective: To investigate the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate its possible effects on quality of life (QoL). Material and Methods: A total of 104 women diagnosed with RA, who were aged between 30 and 60 years, and 82 healthy women were included in this study. We used the American Urological Association symptom index as the gold criteria in the evaluation of LUTS and QoL. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate anxiety/depression levels, whereas disease activity scale (DAS-28) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were used to determine the disease activity levels. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups by means of age range. There was a prominent difference in LUTS frequency between the groups and moderate to severe symptoms were higher in women with RA. QoL measurements were also significantly lower in this group (p<0.01). There was a positive relationship between anxiety and LUTS and significantly positive relationship between depression and LUTS measurement (p<0.01). There was a positive relationship between depression and QoL; however, there was no relationship between anxiety and QoL measurements. Although there was no relationship between LUTS and DAS-28, significant relationship was found between LUTS and HAQ. There was no relationship between QoL and DAS-28; however, there was a significant relationship between QoL and HAQ (p<0.01). Conclusion: LUTS were more frequent in women with RA; furthermore, QoL was low. Furthermore, these symptoms can be related with anxiety and depression. Moderate and severe symptoms observed in women with RA are frequently related with HAQ.