Aim: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic and vector-borne disease existing in two main forms, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis with an average global incidence of 0.95 and 0.3 million cases consecutively per annum. The study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with Leishmaniasis in Baringo County-Kenya. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design that employed a mixed method was used. Study recruited 333 head of households in Marigat sub-County of Baringo County-Kenya. Purposive and multistage sampling techniques were used to recruit study participants. SPSS version 26 was used for analysis of quantitative data. Statistical test employed were X2 test of independence and binary logistic regression. NVivo version 10 was used for analysis of qualitative data. Results: Of 333 participants, 96 reported to have had Leishmaniasis translating to the prevalence of 28.8%. Increased odds of contracting Leishmaniasis were associated with living in a temporary house (OR = 5, 95% CI 2.64 – 9.44), Living below the poverty line (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 0.23 – 0.78), primary level of education (OR = 8.6, 95% CI 0.14 – 0.97), presence of termite hills (OR = 7.6, 95% CI 0.60 – 0.97) and presence of soil cracks (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 0.16 – 0.50). Having bed net (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.90 – 6.57), use of repellent (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.58 – 8.58), and wearing long sleeves after sunset (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 0.24 – 0.84) were associated with decreased odds of Leishmaniasis infection. Conclusion: In the study area, Leishmaniasis was found to be aggravated by low level of education, living below the poverty line, living in a temporary house, presence of termite hills and soil cracks near the residential area. Government should network with development partners to improve the livelihood of people and people should destroy dormant termite hills around their area of residence.
Aim: To determine the prevalence, socio-demographic, and health system factors influencing the uptake of breast cancer (BC) screening services among women of reproductive age (WRA). Methods: An analytical cross-sectional research design was used which employed mixed-methods approach. Multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study location and to recruit study participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to WRA participants. A subset of respondents took part in the qualitative study. Results: The study sample was 317 WRA. The prevalence of uptake of BC screening services was 10.2%. Being employed (OR=5.6, 95% CI: 1.81-17.47) and earning a high income (OR=4.9, 95% CI: 1.22-19.47) increased the likelihood of uptake of BC screening services. The presence of outreach programs (OR=3.8, 95% CI: 0.07-0.97), reduced screening charges (OR=1.1, 95% CI: 2.22-4.30), reduced distance to the health facilities (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.07-9.51), and reduced waiting time (OR=3.3, 95% CI: 0.10-0.96) augmented the odds of uptake of BC screening services. Conclusion: The uptake of BC screening services was low (10.2%). Based on these findings, the government should subsidize screening services for low-income earners and the unemployed. The ministry of health should improve access to BC screening services and reduce waiting period.
Background: Globally, 280 million people are estimated to have depression. Depression has been associated with negative treatment outcomes and reduced quality of life. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression among HIV-positive women at Mama Lucy Kibaki hospital in Kenya.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional analytical study design that employed a mixed-method approach. The study employed systematic random sampling to select 183 HIV-positive women. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screen for depression. Data analysis used statistical package for social sciences. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to test and measure association.Results: The prevalence of possible depression was 35.6%. Depression was significantly associated with food insecurity (AOR=8.186, C.I=2.950-22.718), low income (AOR=3.766, CI=1.088-13.030), physical exercise (AOR=64, CI=0.039-0.627), maladaptive coping style (AOR=9.585, CI=3.100-29.634), stressful life event (AOR=47, CI=0.005-0.088), intimate partner violence (AOR=36, CI=0.086-0.857), opportunistic infections (AOR=5.8, CI=0.081-0.366) and side effects of antiretroviral (AOR=7.6, CI=0.029-0.601). Themes from qualitative findings were; low socioeconomic status, stigma and opportunistic infectionsConclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of depression but they were more likely to be depressed if they were food insecure, had low income, adopted maladaptive coping styles, experienced a stressful event, intimate partner violence, had opportunistic infections and experienced side effects of antiretroviral. Future mental health interventions should focus on these factors in the prevention and management of depression among HIV-positive women.
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