Objective The aim of this study was to determine the levels, types and the factors that influence Missed Nursing Care activities by nurses at the University Teaching and Referral Hospital of Kigali in Rwanda. Material and Methods This study was cross-sectional descriptive correlation design. The researchers used complete coverage method of sampling technique to obtain participants. The researchers used MISSCARE survey questionnaires for data collection with. The data was analysed using SPSS version 26.0. Frequencies, crosstabulation, chi-square and multinomial logistic regression were computed to find the percentage, associations and effects between independent and dependent variables at 95% confidence interval and significance level of 5%. Results Two hundred and one (201) nurses took part in the study, 56.7% were female and 46.3% were male. The majority were aged 31–40 years, 54.2% had Diploma, 42.3% had bachelor while 3.5% had master’s degree, and 75.6% were married. The mean experience in nursing and in current unit were 13years and 7years respectively. Missed nursing care was regarded as moderate as perceived by 46.73% of respondents. The study showed that replying to call alarms within 5 minutes, joining interdisplinary whenever held, documentation of necessary information, monitoring intake and output, and patient health education were always being missed by nurses. Institutional unit type (χ2 (6, N = 201) = 63.31, p = 0.001), gender (χ2 (2, N = 201) = 10.35, p = 0.006), orientation (χ2 (2, N = 201) = 9.51, p = 0.009), satisfaction with salary (χ2 (2, N = 201) = 8.25, p = 0.016), level of education (χ2 (2, N = 201) = 10.34, p = 0.006), and ward size were the most statistically significant factors associated with level of missed nursing care activities. Discussion Majority, 46.73% of nurses viewed the level of missed nursing care at the hospital as moderate. The top five nursing activities that have always been missed were replying to call alarms within 5 minutes, joining interdisplinary whenever held, documentation of necessary information, monitoring intake and output, and patient health education. The study findings revealed that gender, level of education, and the department in which the nurses work were the most statistically significant factors contributing to missed nursing care at the hospital. Conclusions The study findings showed that level of missed nursing care was moderate and it was different across the hospital. The findings also showed that there was top five missing nursing care that are aways missing affected by various factors.

Back Background ground Transnational family support as a resource for migrants is understudied, particularly from the perspective of those providing support from a distance. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting transnational research and gathering data from family members back home using communication technology. Preliminary data on the experience of providing transnational support to migrant family members living abroad, were also collected. Methods Methods We conducted a small, qualitative descriptive study in Kisumu, Kenya. A convenience, purposive sample of six men and three women, who self-identified as providing support to migrant family members living in another country were recruited. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews through Skype phone calls with a researcher in Canada. R Results esults Participants had various relationships (sibling, spouse, parent, uncle, cousin) to those who migrated; family members lived in the UK, US and Canada. Gathering data virtually was feasible, although there were some practical challenges and communication barriers. Interviews revealed that participants were open to share and highlighted the importance of obtaining perspectives from different family members and asking a variety of questions to elicit both positive and negative experiences. The risk of sensitive topics causing distress, raises some ethical concerns about how researchers may adequately respond and provide support from a distance. The preliminary data collected on the experiences of providing transnational family support showed that participants provided financial, emotional, spiritual and practical support. Support varied with time, with help being more intense during early resettlement and in times of financial difficulty; gender, relationship and closeness seemed to shape the nature and extent of support given. Participants mostly felt positive about their family members' migration although they also disclosed experiences of conflict and tension, which were in part due to the support-giving context. C Conclusions onclusions Family members back home are willing to engage in transnational research and using communication technology is an efficient and logistically feasible approach for gathering data from these participants. Including family members' back home in research yields informative data on transnational family support. It is widely recognized that migrants maintain connections to their home countries, including social, economic, cultural, political, and familial ties. 1 It is also known that these transnational connections have impacts, both positive and negative, for the migrants and the families and societies in the sending countries. 1 One area of research that has received significant attention in this field is transnational family support, defined as the exchange of goods, money and information, and social and emotional interactions, between families across borders. 2-3 This research, however, has primarily focused on support giving by migrants toward...

Back Background ground Transnational family support as a resource for migrants is understudied, particularly from the perspective of those providing support from a distance. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting transnational research and gathering data from family members back home using communication technology. Preliminary data on the experience of providing transnational support to migrant family members living abroad, were also collected. Methods Methods We conducted a small, qualitative descriptive study in Kisumu, Kenya. A convenience, purposive sample of six men and three women, who self-identified as providing support to migrant family members living in another country were recruited. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews through Skype phone calls with a researcher in Canada. R Results esults Participants had various relationships (sibling, spouse, parent, uncle, cousin) to those who migrated; family members lived in the UK, US and Canada. Gathering data virtually was feasible, although there were some practical challenges and communication barriers. Interviews revealed that participants were open to share and highlighted the importance of obtaining perspectives from different family members and asking a variety of questions to elicit both positive and negative experiences. The risk of sensitive topics causing distress, raises some ethical concerns about how researchers may adequately respond and provide support from a distance. The preliminary data collected on the experiences of providing transnational family support showed that participants provided financial, emotional, spiritual and practical support. Support varied with time, with help being more intense during early resettlement and in times of financial difficulty; gender, relationship and closeness seemed to shape the nature and extent of support given. Participants mostly felt positive about their family members' migration although they also disclosed experiences of conflict and tension, which were in part due to the support-giving context. C Conclusions onclusions Family members back home are willing to engage in transnational research and using communication technology is an efficient and logistically feasible approach for gathering data from these participants. Including family members' back home in research yields informative data on transnational family support. It is widely recognized that migrants maintain connections to their home countries, including social, economic, cultural, political, and familial ties. 1 It is also known that these transnational connections have impacts, both positive and negative, for the migrants and the families and societies in the sending countries. 1 One area of research that has received significant attention in this field is transnational family support, defined as the exchange of goods, money and information, and social and emotional interactions, between families across borders. 2-3 This research, however, has primarily focused on support giving by migrants toward...

Life as a medical student is often full of stress which could be physical, social, emotional and economical, especially in developing countries. Of recent, there has been an increased effort to combat self-medication which has remained a global public health burden since antiquity. Trainee health workers are particularly vulnerable to engage in self-medication practice which has remain a great panacea mitigating the efforts to combat resistance to common antibiotics in communities. This study aims to assess antibiotics self-medication among undergraduate medical students in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria. An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted at college of medical sciences Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi between June and July 2018. First and second year registered undergraduate medical students were specifically enrolled in the study. A sample size of 61 participants was determined by using a single population proportion formula and a close ended 25 items self-administered study tool was developed and piloted following a review of the relevant literature. All responses were analyzed using SPSS Version 21 and STATA Version 13 software for statistical analysis. A total of Eighty-one (81) medical Students were enrolled in the study. There were 39 (48.1%) males and 42 (51.9%) females. The median age among all respondents was 20 years. 41% of all the students reported having selfmedication. (22) 27.2% of the respondent’s reasons for self-medication was “Doctors gives same drug”, for (20) 24.7% “the disease was mild”, while (16) 19.7% “knew the drug to take”, while (9) 11.1% “saves time” in self-medication and (2) 2.5% said it “saved cost”. On logistic regression, gender remains the statistically significant explanatory variable, Wald Chi-square test 6.050 odds ratio 2.019 (P-value: 0.0014). The prevalence of SM among medical students is high in among Medical Students in ATBU Bauchi Nigeria. Targeted campaign programs to decrease SM among medical students in North East Nigeria as a whole, are required. Enforcement of laws and policies on un-prescribed drugs and continuous monitoring of dispensaries/drugstores and other outlets to issue drugs only on prescription are necessary to reduce self-medication.

IntroductionThere is a gap in research regarding transnational family support (emotional, practical, spiritual, informational and financial) as a resource for migrant families with children. From the perspective of migrant families and their family back home, the objectives of this study are to (1) identify the types and ways that transnational family support is provided to migrant families in Canada; (2) assess for patterns in the data that may suggest variations in the nature of this support (eg, by migration status, time in Canada, children’s ages, family circumstances) and over time and (3) explore the impact (positive and negative) in receiving and providing transnational support, respectively.Methods and analysisA focused ethnography is planned. We will recruit 25–35 migrant families with children with different migration histories (eg, economic or forced migration from a mix of countries) and family circumstances (eg, single parenthood, families living with extended family, families with children in the home country) living in Montreal, Canada. Families will be recruited through community organisations. Data will be gathered via semistructured interviews. To capture the perspective of those providing support, family members in the home country for each migrant family will also be recruited and interviewed through communication technology (eg, WhatsApp). Data collection will also involve observation of ‘transnational interactions’ between family members in Montreal and those back home. Data will be thematically analysed and results reported in a narrative form with an in-depth description of each theme.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the sciences and health research ethics committee at the University of Montreal. Study results will be shared through traditional forums (publication, conference presentations) and via other knowledge dissemination/exchange activities (eg, ‘lunch and learn conferences’ and seminars) through the research team’s research centres and networks to reach front-line care-providers who interface directly with migrant families.