This research aimed to investigate the differences in the sealing capability of propolis extracts and Ca(OH) 2 on dentin surfaces. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mandible incisors of Wistar rats were prepared at a depth of 0.5 mm after which they were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6) including control (C), pulp-capped with Ca(OH) 2 group (P1), and indirect pulp-capped with propolis extract group (P2). All the cavities were sealed with glass ionomer restorative cement. Moreover, the sections of the teeth were obtained after six Wistar Rats from each group were sacrificed on the second day after treatment. The rats' incisors were cleaved transversally to the area where Ca(OH) 2 and propolis extract bonded with dentin for the SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis and examined using microphotographs test with 5000x magnification. All the samples were measured and examined with spectrophotometry test to determine the bonding distance between Ca(OH) 2 and dentin, as well as propolis extract and dentin. The result from the two tests was analyzed with SPSS using an independent t-test at p <0.05. Results: There were significant differences between the calcium hydroxide and propolis extract groups (p<0.05) based on the results obtained in the form of spectrums chemical functional groups of spectrophotometry examination. No new chemical bonding or compound was also observed to have been formed between propolis extract with dentin as well as calcium hydroxide with dentin. Conclusion: The adaptation or sealing capability of propolis extract was found to be better than calcium hydroxide to the dentin surface.
Background: Young permanent teeth are one of the challenges in performing endodontic treatment. Revascularization is a good yet simple treatment option for pulp tissue regeneration to stimulate periapical lesion healing, continue root growth and restore pulp tissue function. Purpose: This case report describes management of pulp tissue regeneration in teeth with infection. Case: Female, 16 years old, came complaining of pain in the left lower back tooth accompanied by recurrent swelling. Radiograph showed an open apex with apical lesion on tooth 35. The diagnosis was pulpal necrosis accompanied by a chronic apical abscess. Case management: The treatment plan was revascularization and direct composite restoration. After accessing the cavity, the teeth were prepared, irrigated, and medicated with TAP, which was repeated for 2 visits. On the next visit, after the root canal was cleaned, over instrumentation was performed for bleeding and Collaplug was placed over the blood clot, covered with MTA, and composite resin for coronal sealing. Follow up was carried out for up to 9 months and was asymptomatic. Radiographs show healing of the lesion accompanied by closure of the root canal. Conclusion: Regenerative endodontics has been shown the successful in stimulating root canal closure to treat immature teeth
Chitosan is a natural biodegradable polymer made from crustacean exoskeletons (shrimp and crab). Recently, natural material is preferably used in order to prevent any side effects from synthetic material. Previous research showed that chitosan has anti-bacterial properties, which can act as a bone graft scaffold material to increase in bone regeneration process. This article discusses the antibacterial effect of chitosan in the bone regeneration process. Bone graft consists of many primary graft materials which focus on alloplastic graft composite type. Bone graft is related to bone regeneration which associated with the process of secondary/indirect bone healing. The main trait of bone graft material is that it is not toxic to the chitosan’s host cell. Chitosan’s anti-bacterial effects can be associated with one of the three phases of bone defect healing, which is inflammation phase that acts to prevent bacterial invasion as an infectious disease in bone injury. Because of this, it can accelerate the polarization of macrophage M1 (secrete pro-inflammatory cytokine) to macrophage M2 (secrete anti-inflammatory cytokine) that relates to osteoblastogenesis. Osteoblastogenesis relates to the increase of osteoblast synthesis, deposition and mineralization of extracellular matrix leading to the maturation of osteoblast become osteocyte called ossification process.
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