The MML method is a minimally invasive cesarean section. In the future, as surgeons' experience increases, MML will likely be chosen more often than the classic PK method.

Objective: Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional secreted glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and inflammatory process. Growing evidence suggests that there is a link between OPN and ovarian function. However, no such link has yet been found for OPN in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our aim was to ascertain whether circulating OPN levels are altered in women with PCOS and to determine whether OPN levels differ between the follicular phase and mid-cycle of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women. Design and methods: In total, 150 women with PCOS and 150 age-and BMI-matched controls without PCOS were recruited for this prospective observational study. OPN levels were measured using ELISA. Metabolic parameters were also determined. Results: Circulating OPN levels were significantly elevated in PCOS women compared with controls (69.12G31.59 ng/ml vs 42.66G21.28 ng/ml; P!0.001). OPN levels were significantly higher at mid-cycle than in the follicular phase in eumenorrheic women. OPN was positively correlated with BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), free testosterone, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for PCOS was 3.64 for patients in the highest quartile of OPN compared with those in the lowest quartile (ORZ3.64; 95% CIZ2.42-5.57; PZ0.011). Our findings indicate that BMI, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and free testosterone are independent factors influencing serum OPN levels and that OPN is an independent predictor for HOMA-IR. Conclusion: PCOS is associated with increased OPN levels.

Anterior sacral meningocele is a very rare clinical entity characterized by herniation of a meningeal sac through a sacrococcygeal defect. We report a case of a 20-year old female with Marfan syndrome who presented with abdominal distention that was misdiagnosed as an ovarian cyst on pelvic ultrasound. Pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed large, well-defined multiloculated intrasacral and presacral cysts communicating via two separate broad necks and extending through defects in anterior aspect of sacral vertebrae. This case emphasizes that anterior sacral meningocele should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases with pelvic cysts particularly in patients with underlying connective tissue disorders. Because severe neurologic complications or even death may occur without proper preoperative planning in such cases, MR imaging should always be performed for evaluation and characterization of pelvis cystic lesions.

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Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy with thymus size in full-term fetuses. Material and methods:In this prospective study, we evaluated mid-pregnancy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may be associated with smaller fetal thymus. Our data suggest that VDD in pregnancy may lead to systemic inflammatory response in the fetus.