Background Various factors may determine the duration of viral shedding (the time from infection to viral RNA-negative conversion or recovery) in COVID-19 patients. Understanding the average duration of recovery and its predictors is crucial in formulating preventive measures and optimizing treatment options. Therefore, evidence showing the duration of recovery from COVID-19 in different contexts and settings is necessary for tailoring appropriate treatment and prevention measures. This study aimed to investigate the average duration and the predictors of recovery from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among COVID-19 patients. Method A hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, COVID-19 Isolation and Treatment Center from March 18 to June 27, 2020. The Center was the first hospital designated to manage COVID-19 cases in Ethiopia. The study participants were all COVID-19 adult patients who were admitted to the center during the study period. Follow up was done for the participants from the first date of diagnosis to the date of recovery (negative Real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCT) test of throat swab). Result A total of 306 COVID-19 cases were followed up to observe the duration of viral clearance by rRT-PCR. Participants’ mean age was 34 years (18–84 years) and 69% were male. The median duration of viral clearance from each participant’s body was 19 days, but the range was wide: 2 to 71 days. Cough followed by headache was the leading sign of illness among the 67 symptomatic COVID-19 patients; and nearly half of those with comorbidities were known cancer and HIV/AIDS patients on clinical follow up. The median duration of recovery from COVID-19 was different for those with and without previous medical conditions or comorbidities. The rate of recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection was 36% higher in males than in females (p = 0.043, CI: 1.01, 1.85). The rate of recovery was 93% higher in those with at least one comorbidity than in those without any comorbidity. The risk of delayed recovery was not influenced by blood type, BMI and presence of signs or symptoms. The findings showed that study participants without comorbidities recovered more quickly than those with at least one comorbidity. Therefore, isolation and treatment centers should be prepared to manage the delayed stay of patients having comorbidity.
Background Understanding the clinical features of COVID‐19 and duration for resolution of symptoms is crucial for isolation of patients and tailoring public health messaging, interventions and policy. Therefore, this study aims to assess the median duration of COVID‐19 signs and symptoms’ resolution and explore its predictors among symptomatic COVID‐19 patients in Ethiopia. Methods A hospital‐based prospective cohort study involving 124 COVID‐19 cases was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, COVID‐19 Isolation and Treatment Center. The study participants were all symptomatic COVID‐19 adult patients admitted to the hospital from 18 March to 20 August 2020. Physicians at the centre recorded the data using a log sheet. Cox proportional‐hazards regression model was conducted. Statistical significance was defined at P < 0.05. Results A total of 124 symptomatic COVID‐19 patients with a mean age of 42 years (±17) were involved in the study. The median duration of symptom resolution of COVID‐19 was seven days with a minimum of two and a maximum of sixty‐eight days. Sex and body mass index (BMI) were statistically significant predictors of the symptom resolution. The hazard of having delayed sign or symptom resolution in males was 55% higher than in females ( P = 0.039; CI: 0.22–0.96) and the hazard of delayed sign or symptom resolution in those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 was 35% higher than in those with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ( P = 0.041; CI: 0.44–0.98]). Conclusions The median duration of COVID‐19 symptom resolution was seven days. Being male and/or having a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 were predictors of a delayed sign or symptom resolution time. Therefore, it is important to consider proportion of males and those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 when preparing isolation and treatment centres. Males and individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 shall also be given priority when shielding from the COVID‐19.
HIV positive individuals may or may not have intention to have children. They could also have different degrees of utilization and demand for family planning. The desire of HIV infected persons to have children in the future has significant implication for the transmission of HIV to sexual partners or newborns. So this study contributes a lot for program planner or other influential people. The study was designed to determine the fertility desire and contraceptive utilization among People Living with HIV in ART follow up care in western Shoa Zone. A cross sectional institution based study design supplemented by qualitative in-depth interview was done between December to May 2012. The study was conducted in western Shoa Zone (three Hospital; Ambo, Gedo and Gindeberet hospital), western Ethiopia. The study population were all People Living with HIV who had at list one visit to the selected ARV treatment units and age group 18-49 for women and 18-59 for men and the sample size taken were 462 and data were analyzed by SPPS version 16 computer soft ware. Seventy-eight (50.3%) male and One hundred twelve (36.5%) female respondents expressed the desire for children, giving a total of 190(41.13%) of all respondents. One hundred ninety-nine (43.1%) were using family planning during the study period. Majority of the respondents 150(71.8%) using condom. Those who intended children are those who have no children, married and partner desire for children. Those who use family planning were educated (secondary and post secondary education), married, having children of three or more and those having knowledge on Mother To Child Transmission of HIV. Couples or individuals in need of children should be supported by availing adequate information on Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission service link with the country HIV prevention and control plan and strategy since high number of participants are in need of children.
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and became pandemic after emerging in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Several studies have been conducted to understand the key features of COVID-19 and its public health impact. However, the prognostic factors of COVID-19 are not well studied in the African setting. In this study, we aim to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 cases, immunological and virological courses, interaction with nutritional status, and response to treatment for COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia. Methods A multi-center cohort study design will be performed. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to selected treatment centers will be enrolled irrespective of their symptoms and followed-up for 12 months. Baseline epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging data will be collected from treatment records, interviews, physical measurements, and biological samples. Follow-up data collection involves treatment and prognostic outcomes to be measured using different biomarkers and clinical parameters. Data collection will be done electronically using the Open Data Kit (ODK) software package and then exported to STATA/SPSS for analysis. Both descriptive and multivariable analyses will be performed to assess the independent determinants of the treatment outcome and prognosis to generate relevant information for informed prevention and case management. The primary outcomes of this study are death/survival and viral shedding. Secondary outcomes include epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, genetic frequency shifts (genotypic variations), and nutritional status. Discussion This is the first large prospective cohort study of patients in hospitals with COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The results will enable us to better understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. This study will also provide useful information for effective public health measures and future pandemic preparedness and in response to outbreaks. It will also support policymakers in managing the epidemic based on scientific evidence. Trial Registration: The Protocol prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04584424) on 30 October, 2020.
Background: The newly identified virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-two (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed more than a million lives worldwide since it was first recognized in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Understanding the clinical features of COVID-19 and duration for resolution of symptoms is crucial for isolation of patients and tailoring public health messaging, interventions, and policy. Therefore, this study aims to assess the median duration of COVID-19 signs and symptoms resolution and explore it’s predictors among symptomatic COVID-19 patients in EthiopiaMethods: A hospital-based prospective cohort study involving 60 COVID-19 cases was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, COVID-19 Isolation and Treatment Center. The study participants were all symptomatic COVID-19 adult patients admitted to the hospital from March 18 to June 27, 2020. Physicians at the center recorded the data using a log sheet. Cox proportional-hazards regression model was conducted. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. All analyses were done using STATA version 16.1 software.Results: A total of 60 symptomatic COVID-19 patients with a mean age of 34.8 years (+1.8) were involved in the study. The median duration of symptom resolution of COVID-19 was seven days with a minimum of two and a maximum of 68 days. Sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were statistically significant predictors of the symptom resolution. The hazard of having delayed sign or symptom resolution in males was 55% higher than in females (P=0.039, CI: 0.22 to 0.96) and the hazard of the delayed sign or symptom in those with BMI ≥25 was 48% higher than in those with BMI <25 (P=0.051; CI: 0.272 to 1.003). In this study, age and comorbidity had no association with the duration of sign or symptom resolution in COVID-19 patients.Conclusions: The median duration of COVID-19 symptom resolution was seven days. Being male or having a BMI ≥ 25 were predictors for having a delayed sign or symptom resolution time. Therefore, understanding the duration of COVID-19 sign or symptom resolution helps to guide the patient isolation period and prioritize COVID-19 patients to be shielded.
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