Autism is one of the most complex developmental disorder in children. In the developing country, Autism is a new paradigm, it causes various problems in autism service especially in early detection. It is caused by several factors that interconnected, such as the low understanding of society about autism, the low public awareness about the importance of early detection of autistic children, and the less prioritized attention from the government. Expanding the accessibility of autism services through primary health care is needed to overcome those problems. One of the primary health care most relatable to mother and children is the Maternal and Child Health Center, or in Indonesia it is called "Posyandu" which is an acronym means Integrated service post. The services in Posyandu is not run by professionals such doctor nor midwife. Posyandu is a service-based community and society handled by "posyandu cadres". The aim of this study is to find out how far the possibility of posyandu could provide services for autistic children. The subjects involved in this study were 120 posyandu cadres and 15 parents of autistic children. The research method used is a survey. The results show the following data: 92% of Posyandu cadres did not know how to do early detection of autistic children, 87% said they did not know how to handle autistic children, and 87% of Posyandu cadres felt they still need additional knowledge about autism. While 87% of parents feel that posyandu cadres are not involved in the early detection of their children. At the same time, 93% of parents still hope Posyandu could provide better services for their autistic children. This indicates that the primary health care has not fully played a role for autistic children yet, and there is a need to increase autism services access through posyandu cadres.
Accessibility is one of the most important components in construction toward the realization of common justice, especially for persons with disabilities and oldster. One of the form of accessibility is a guiding block, or tactile paving, which is designated as a walking guide for the visually impaired. Guiding blocks are paving with a special texture that can be felt by the sole of the foot when walking. This paving was discovered in Japan in 1965, then spread throughout the world. Then finally Indonesia is one of the users of this paving. The purpose of this study was to compare the conditions of guiding block installation between the city of Surakarta and Nagoya City. The results show that guiding blocks are very common in various places in Nagoya City, while in Surakarta there is a contrast condition. Many important public places in Surakarta are not equipped with guiding block. In addition, many guiding block that found in Surakarta are lack of adequate installation of accessibility for the visually impaired.Keywords: accessibility, visually impaired, guiding blockAbstrakAksesibilitas adalah salah satu komponen penting dalam pembangunan demi terwujudnya keadilan bersama, terutama bagi para penyandang difabel dan orang tua. Salah satu bentuk aksesibilitas adalah ubin tekstur pemandu, yang diperuntukkan sebagai panduan berjalan bagi tunanetra. Ubin tekstur pemandu adalah ubin dengan tekstur khusus sehingga dapat dirasakan oleh tapak kaki ketika berjalan. Ubin ini ditemukan di Jepang tahun 1965, kemudian menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Hingga akhirnya Indonesia ditengarai sebagai salah satu negara pengguna ubin ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kondisi ketersediaan ubin tekstur pemandu antara di Kota Surakarta dengan Kota Nagoya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ubin tekstur pemandu sangat biasa dijumpai di berbagai tempat di Kota Nagoya. Berbeda dengan di Kota Surakarta, banyak tempat-tempat umum penting yang belum dilengkapi dengan ubin tekstur pemandu. Selain itu, banyak ubin tekstur pemandu yang ditemukan di Surakarta kurang memenuhi kelayakan aksesibilitas bagi tunanetra. Kata kunci : aksesibilitas, tunanetra, ubin tekstur pemandu
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