Global warming is the gradual increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere caused by increasing levels of pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide. Natural characteristics are expected to change as the earth’s surface temperature rises. By 2025, Indonesia’s renewable energy use is expected to reach 23%. (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2021). Existing critical sectors such as transportation and freight forwarding are being examined. For instance, vessels can reduce their carbon footprint by connecting to shore-connection facilities powering renewable energy sources in ports. The case study is the Dwimatama pier in Semarang’s Tanjung Eams port. The city of Semarang receives approximately six hours of sunlight per day. The solar power plant could serve as a source of electrical energy in this region. The results of this study indicate that to generate electrical energy from 1 MWp of solar radiation, a panel area of approximately 1 hectare is required for a solar panel with a 20% efficiency.
The aim of this research is to investigate load flow of direct current distribution system on trimaran ferry ship. Radial Shipboard Network Structure with Direct Current Distribution Systems has been proposed in this research. Load flow simulation has been done by calculating electrical load calculation based on ship operation. Then, the one-line diagram of direct current distribution system is developed on electric power software. Simulation results show that direct current distribution system has been successfully implemented on hybrid powered trimaran Ship. In sailing conditions, the overall real power requirement is 20,201 MW and the reactive power is 7,757 Mvar. While the power distributed is 20,493 MW of real power and 7.816 Mvar of reactive power. In manoeuvring conditions, the actual power requirements are 21,251 MW and the reactive power is 8,16 Mvar and for power distributed is 21,573 MW of real power and 8,224 Mvar of reactive power. In loading and unloading conditions, the actual power requirements in this operating condition are 0.616 MW and the reactive power is 0.292 Mvar and for power distributed is 0,635 MW of real power and 0,296 Mvar of reactive power. In the condition of entering the port, the required power is 12.906 MW for real power and 4.969 MW for reactive power and for power distributed is 13,027 MW of real power and 4,994 Mvar of reactive power. The result showed that the concept direct current distribution system has been successfully developed in this research to combine diesel generators with marine renewable energy to make sure that the distributed power stay adequate all through operation.
In a tidal current energy generation system, optimization of power generation can be done through turbine design, system design, and control of mechanical transmission from the turbine to the generator, as well as from the aspect of electronic generator output control. This research aims to analyze the performance of the PMSG generator from a prototype of the tidal current energy power plant. Turbine rotation is simulated using an ac motor equipped with an ac drive that supports separate speed and torque control. The hydraulic transmission system consists of a pump and a hydraulic motor that transfers the rotation of the turbine to the generator, where the power output is observed with variations in turbine speed and torque. The results indicate that the transmission system has worked well in transmitting the turbine’s mechanical power and increasing the rotational speed. The decrease in speed with increasing load and low average efficiency (less than 20%) occurs, mainly due to the characteristics of the generator being tested. The generator has a large rated torque requirement of 32 Nm, which is much higher than the main drive capacity of the turbine simulator. The design of a tidal energy conversion system, in which the tidal current speed fluctuates, requires careful selection of the generator, not only from the aspect of power capacity and rated rotational speed, but also from the initial torque value and required rated torque.
This study aims to generate an accurate model for estimating the radiation of solar panels on different inclination angles. The output of this model is useful for determining the optimal installation angle of the solar panel either on land or on the ships. Furthermore, the amount of the hourly direct and diffuse radiation on the horizontal surface is estimated using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which were trained with the monthly radiation data of Surabaya from 2018 to 2019. Subsequently, the radiation on the inclined surface is estimated using a mathematical model. Also, the ANN accuracy was validated with a regression value higher than 99% for either direct or diffuse radiation estimate. A full-year evaluation based on the proposed model suggests an inclination angle of 25° for the solar panel installed in Surabaya. Meanwhile, the evaluation gives different angles for each month with the advantage compared with the fixed angle installation.
The equator divides Indonesia into two parts, the areas located in North Latitude and South Latitude. This results in Indonesia having an abundant source of solar energy. Therefore, the use of hybrid power generation systems (solar cells and diesel generators) on ships can reduce generator fuel consumption, as well as reduce exhaust emissions from ships. This paper discusses the design of a hybrid power generation system on a tanker technically and economically. The total capacity of the solar panels installed on the ship can generate electrical energy of 885.2 kWh in a day. This electrical energy is used to supply electrical loads consisting of lighting, navigation equipment, radio communication, galley and laundry equipment, and air conditioner and refrigerator. The application of hybrid power plants on tankers can produce fuel consumption savings of 15.5% per year when compared to the use of conventional power generation systems. Meanwhile, the break event points due to the use of a hybrid generating system is less than 4 years or equivalent to the nominal total cost of Rp. 23,980,000,000.00 or $ 1,803,007.52.
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