A directional fiber coupler with exertion loss 0.03 dB has been successfully fabricated using fusion technique with typical coupling ratio 1–90%. The coupling region of two twisted single mode fiber is heated by injecting hydrogen gas at 2.5 bar. During fusion process, both two sides of fibers are pulled by stages that are automatically motorized in range of 800–4800 μm, and stopped when the desired coupling ratio is reached. The parameters of automated mechanical motion of pulling stages and coupling parameters at fusion region have been calculated by using kinetic model. The effect of heating and elongation reduces the diameter of cross section tapered region with a diameter 6.35 micrometer scale. As the fabrication of fiber couplers described by degree of fusion, which is function of heating and pulling length, it can be seen clearly that the coupling coefficient between the fibers increases exponentially with increasing the degree of fusion. However, by knowing coupling power and mechanical motion parameters, the fabrication of directional fiber coupler can be optimized. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1932–1935, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26937
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally and the main problem of non-communicable diseases. Prevention is part of cardiovascular disease treatment because it breaks the chain of management and subsequent complications from the disease. Its foundation is based on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as appropriate identification and treatment for cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with cardiovascular diseases. A descriptive study was performed with proportionate stratified random sampling and 88 patients with cardiovascular diseases participated in this study. Data were collected in one of general hospitals in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The risk factors of cardiovascular disease patients were assessed using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis statistic was used to describe risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, 80% of patients completed the questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of respondents (56.8%) had hypercholesterolemia. The results showed that most respondents (73) had a smoking history (83%). The result showed that most of the patients (64.8%) with cardiovascular disease have no family history of heart attacks. The result showed that the majority of the respondents (69.3%) had a family history of hypertension. Over 92% of respondents were unable to do strenuous activities and 79.5% were unable to do moderate activities even once a week. Early assessment and education about risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are important for the prevention and promotion of health. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, cardiac patients, activity patterns
This study aims to explore Indonesian nurses’ fear of COVID-19 and the factors affecting that fear. This descriptive study selected 99 nurses from Dumai General Hospital through purposive sampling. The instrument used was the fear of COVID-19 questionnaire (FCV-19S). Chi-squared test was the primary data analysis method. The results showed that the majority of respondents are female (72.7%), Muslim (93.9%), married (64.6%), have a nursing degree diploma (69.7%), and work in the inward care unit (60.6%). The majority are nurse volunteers (75.8%) who have worked an average of 5.8 years with an average age of 31.7 years. The study results show that the majority of respondents are scared of COVID-19 (70.7%). The results also indicate that most of the nurses who are afraid of COVID-19 are women (50.5%), who have worked for less than five years (42.4%), and who provide care services in the inward unit (40.4%). However, the results indicate no relationship between gender, working unit, marital status, religion, and education with fear of COVID-19. The fear of COVID-19 among nurses is still high. However, demographic factors do not correlate with fear of COVID-19. Therefore, other factors related to the fear of COVID-19 need to be explored, and appropriate interventions should be implemented to prevent the development of mental health problems among nurses. Keywords: mental health, nurses, COVID-19, Indonesia
Peat is an organic soil, highly compressible and has high water content. The soil needs to be stabilized chemically by incorporating binders such as cement and lime into the soil that will change the properties and soil strength. However, stabilization using cement solely is not recommended since the organic acid in peat soil could delay cement hydration process. Furthermore, mass stabilization using pozzolanic material also could improve strength development of peat soil. In this research, the pozzolanic material in the form of geopolymer hybrid or geopolymer with the addition of Ordinary Portland Cement was investigated. Geopolymer was produced by activating fly ash with a combination of NaOH and sodium silicate. OPC addition improves initial strength and assists geopolymerization at ambient temperature. Variables studied were binder content and a percentage of OPC, and percentage of fly ash. Unconfined Compressive Stress (UCS) at 7 days was measured for all specimens. Mass stabilization using fly ash geopolymer hybrid could improve strength development of peat soil.
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