The design of brain-computer interface for the wheelchair for physically disabled people is presented. The design of the proposed system is based on receiving, processing, and classification of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and then performing the control of the wheelchair. The number of experimental measurements of brain activity has been done using human control commands of the wheelchair. Based on the mental activity of the user and the control commands of the wheelchair, the design of classification system based on fuzzy neural networks (FNN) is considered. The design of FNN based algorithm is used for brain-actuated control. The training data is used to design the system and then test data is applied to measure the performance of the control system. The control of the wheelchair is performed under real conditions using direction and speed control commands of the wheelchair. The approach used in the paper allows reducing the probability of misclassification and improving the control accuracy of the wheelchair.
BACKGROUNDThree-dimensional (3D) printing is currently being explored in various medical fields with promising results, and customized surgical instrument prototyping and production seems to be one of the promising approaches, particularly in pediatric surgery. This study aimed to test the possibility of desktop 3D printing of surgical instruments for use in pediatric surgery.
MATERIAL and METHODSRoux retractor and infant laparoscopic trocar were designed using Solidworks 3D CAD software (Dassault Systemes, FR). Mechanical durability simulation tests were performed using Solidworks Simulation software. The instruments were printed in Ultimaker 2+ Extended 3D printer (Ultimaker, NL) using 2.85-mm polylactic acid filaments.
RESULTSRoux retractor was designed in 15 min and printed in 90 min. Laparoscopic trocar was designed in 2 h and printed in 2 h. Application of 5-kilogram force (kgf) resulted only in 0.84-mm displacement in infant laparoscopic trocar. The 5 kgf applied to the Roux retractor's curved face caused 9.22-mm displacement. The laparoscopic trocars weighed 7.40±0.07 g, and Roux retractors weighed 12.50±0.04 g. The interior chamber of the 3D-printed laparoscopic trocars withstood a mean of 10±1.5 mmHg pressure without any obvious air leakage. Poststerilization culture results of all prototypes were proven to be sterile.
CONCLUSION3D printing of surgical instruments is a promising field in pediatric surgery as it offers a great versatility regarding both design and production.
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