Summary Objectives The aim was to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer to periodontal ligament (PDL) on the inhibition and/or repair of orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) during and after arch expansion and on the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rate of the maxillary first molar teeth of rats. Material and methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided into three groups as the untreated group, MSC and control injections during the expansion period group (EMSC-EC), and MSC and control injections at the retention period group (RMSC-RC). Fifty grams of orthodontic force was applied to the maxillary first molar teeth of the rats for 14 days in the vestibular direction, and then, 20 days of retention was carried out. MSCs and control injections were performed every 3 days in the EC, RC, EMSC, and RMSC groups. At the end of the experiment, samples were prepared for OTM evaluation, mRNA expression analysis, micro-computed tomography measurements, cementum thickness calculations, and structural examinations. Results The amount of OTM in EMSC group was significantly higher than in EC group (P < 0.001). MSC transfer during the expansion and retention periods reduced the number of resorption lacunae, volumetric and linear resorptive measurements, and cyclooxygenase-2 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression levels, and increased the osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression levels, OPG/RANKL ratio, and cementum thickness in the EMSC and RMSC groups. Conclusions MSC transfer to PDL during expansion increased the amount of OTM. Injection of MSC during the retention period was found to be slightly more effective in prevention and/or repair of OIRR than MSC transfer during the expansion period.
Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Antropometri, insan vücudunun boyutları ile ilgilenen bir bilim dalıdır. Bu bilim ergonomi, tekstil, spor ve sağlık gibi birçok alanda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ortodontinin antropometri ile iliş-kisi uzun yıllara dayanmaktadır. Birçok etnik grup ve ırk için antropometrik normların belirlenmesinde, sendrom ve malformasyonların düzeltilmesinde, tedavi planlamasında, tedavi sürecinde ve uygulanmasında rehber olmuştur. Yüz çekiciliği, geçmişten günümüze üzerinde durulan konulardan biridir. Bu sebeple ideal ve çekici yüzün tanımını bulma arayışı birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Çekicilik algısı, gelişen ve değişen dünyanın etkisiyle artmış ve çekiciliğin göreceliliğini değerlendirmek için antropometrik indekslere başvurulmuştur. Antropometrinin zaman içerisinde gelişmesi ve bununla beraber radyografik tekniklerin de bu gelişimi takip etmesi ile antropometri ve sefalometri arasındaki ilişki gün geçtikçe güçlenmiştir. Teknolojik gelişmelerin artmasıyla birlikte insan yaşamı kolaylaşır iken, bu durum bazı yan etkileri de ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sefalometrik filmler, ortodontide tanı ve tedavi amacıyla kullanılır iken, hastanın maruz kaldığı radyasyon dozunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu yüzden rutin olarak kullanılan radyografilerin alternatiflerini bulma arayışı günümüzde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, antropometri ve sefalometri ilişkisinin yakından incelenmesi ve ortodontide sıkça kullanılan sefalometrik ölçümlerin antropometrik karşılıkları ile olan uyumunun literatürdeki çalışmalar rehberliğinde sunulması amaçlan-mıştır. Ayrıca, antropometrinin ortodonti ile olan bağlarının tarihsel süreçte değerlendirilmesi, antropometrinin ortodontiye olan katkısına bakılması ve ortodontide hangi amaçlarla kullanıldığı konusunda bilgi verilmesi hedeflenmiştir.A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er
Ceditism, which emerged in Turkistan at the end of the 19th century and completed its formation at the beginning of the 20th century, directly or indirectly affected the entire Turkic world, especially the Tatars, under the leadership of İsmail Gaspıralı. The Kyrgyz intellectuals, who were influenced by the Tatar intellectuals, had the idea of enlightening the Kyrgyz people by studying in schools that provide education with the understanding of Usul-u Jadid. In general in the works of Kyrgyz intellectuals; they focused on the problems in social life during the Tsarist period, people's falling behind from the developing social order, the pressures of the rulers and awakening an uneducated society from the sleep of ignorance. At the threshold of these issues, the studies carried out to enlighten future generations in the field of education with the effect of the Usul-u Jadid schools, the aim of creating national and spiritual awareness, expressions emphasizing the importance of education in the mother tongue are frequently encountered in period works. In particular, educational reading books for children, works reflecting the Kyrgyz history and culture, printing studies for the creation of the Kyrgyz alphabet and the development of Kyrgyz Turkish, and poems performed with the tradition of oral literature were published. In line with the literary works of the Kyrgyz intellectuals, this article tries to mention the development of Jadidchi thought and its general landscape in Kyrgyz literature.
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