Loigo species of squid was investigated as a potential source of protein isolate. The various process parameters which influence extraction of protein (particle size, time, extraction pH, salt concentration, relative amount of solvent to squid tissue and temperature) were investigated. From this study the following parameters were chosen to optimize extraction: pH 11 (sodium hydroxide) or 4% salt concentration (sodium chloride, sodium hexametaphosphate in aqueous extractant); temperature = 22°C; time = 45 min; particle diameter = 2–3 mm; solvent‐to‐squid ratio = 10:1. Under these conditions, about 85% of the squid protein can be extracted. 65% of the extracted nitrogen is recovered as protein isolate by isoelectric precipitation at pH 5.
Technical fermentations, such as the acetone-butanol fermentation and the 2 : 3-butylene glycol fermentation, yield products in the form of very dilute aqueous solutions. The volatile products may be lsolatcd by adsorption on activc carbon. In the case of 2 : 3-butylene glycol the dcsorption has to be effected by solvent extraction, for which acetone is most suitable. In the case of acetone-butanol, it is not only possible to adsorb the solvent mixture, as produced by fermentation, but also to isolatc the two components separately by selective adsorption. The adsorbent bed can be re-used, without decrease in its adsorptive capacity. ('I separation stage 'I). The adsorbed organic material and water was then desorbed by treatment with dry air. A series of such consecutive experiments is illustrated by Table VI.
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