Objective: Development of green nanotechnology is generating interest of researchers toward eco-friendly biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, biosynthesis of stable copper (Cu) NPs was done using Passiflora foetida leaf extract.
Materials and Methods:First, we prepared leaf extract of Passiflora foetida in deionized water. This extract added to 20 mMol of Cupric sulfate solution, and we observed the change in color of the solution from colorless to colored solution; this indicates that there is a formation of CuNPs.Results: These biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized with the help of ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analysis of synthesized CuNPs showed the maximum absorbance at 350 nm indicating the presence of biosynthesized CuNPs in the reaction mixture.
Conclusion:It was observed that the P. foetida leaf extract can reduce Cu ions into CuNPs within 8-10 minutes of reaction time. Thus, this method can be used for rapid and eco-friendly biosynthesis of stable CuNPs.
Chronic diseases and rising aging populations are the major reasons towards the usage of low power, low noise, life time performance Biomedical Implantable Devices. Efficient architectural designs will be responsible for the requirements set out above. This paper focuses on the ADPLL DPFD architecture for implantable biomedical devices. For high performance DPFD, the dead zone, lock in time is a seldom limitation to ADPLLs. In the present paper, a new approach to design a dead zone free with fast and high locking time and low phase noise DPFD is considered to be a challenge. This can be accomplished by carefully controlling the reference and feedback clock frequencies of the phase detector with the proposed NIKSTRO/SURAV latch based sense amplifier. The proposed architecture was developed and simulated using 45nm technology and it is observed that it provides a 20ns dead zone with 4.8mW of power consumption at the rate of 1.8GHz, while the lock in time for the proposed method is 340ns with moderate phase noise. It is also noted that the designed one showed better results when compared to the existing ones.
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