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The purposes of this study were threefold: (a) to determine whether physiological (heart rate), facial, and self-report indices could be used to differentiate between different vicariously induced negative emotional states (i.e., those related conceptually to the study of empathy), (b) to examine developmental differences in the degree of differentiation in the aforementioned indices of emotional response, and (c) to assess the pattern of interrelations among heart rate (HR), facial, and self-report indices of response to emotion-eliciting stimuli. Preschoolers and second graders viewed three films that portrayed situations related to others' emotions of anxiety or apprehension, empathic sadness, and cognitively induced sympathy. Children's HR accelerated during the anxiety film and decelerated during the cognitive-sympathy and sad films. Children's nonphysiological reactions also were highly consistent with the film content. The interrelations among modes of responses were generally consistent with the view that the various indices were positively rather than inversely related. There were also some positive relations between the indices of emotion and a questionnaire measure of empathy. The results are discussed in terms of current work concerning empathy and other emotional responses.

The body weights of male albino rats were reduced gradually to 80% of normal body weight by restricting food intake (dieting), and then the rats were given lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions. Compared with rats of normal body weight sustaining similar brain lesions, the dieted group displayed a shorter period of postoperative aphagia and less gastric pathology. In a second experiment, a group of rats was reduced to 80% of normal body weight by withholding all food (fasting) and then given LH lesions. Compared with dieted rats sustaining similar brain damage, the fasted group displayed a longer period of postoperative aphagia and greater gastric pathology. Since the duration of aphagia could be shortened or lengthened by simple manipulations of preoperative body weight, the adequacy of sensorimotor or motivational hypotheses to account for aphagia is questioned. The results are more consistent with the suggestion that gastric abnormalities produced by LH lesions inhibit eating. This research was supported by Grant MRan( j the orientation to somatic and olfactory w 13 ^^ K the N , at . ional Institute of Mental ^^^j ( Marsha n & Teitelbaum, 1974; Health and by an Arizona State University Fac-,, , " ^ e ^ -x iu im-i ulty Grant-In-Aid Award to Ernest Lindholm. Marshall, Turner, & Teitelbaum, 1971; Experiment 1 was the master's thesis of Carlos Turner, 1973). These dysfunctions have Grijalva, who was supported by a Ford Founda-been referred to as sensory neglect (Marshall tion Graduate Fellowship. The authors thank J. e t & \ 1971), sensory inattention (Marshall J %™ t f 7 helpfUl t Cri l iCiS M S K ** if * & Teitelbaum, 1974), or the sensorimotor Requests for reprints should be sent to Ernest , /m ' ,«""•> CT --i

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