The active introduction and modern technologies application in the transport market greatly affect all transport branches and the ways of their business. Availability and mass usage of the internet and web services create a new ambiance of trade through online sales respectively e-commerce. The increase in internet sales has a direct effect on the business of courier companies. The increase in the number of shipments, especially in the B2C (Business-to-consumer) segment, is putting increasing pressure on costs for companies that do pickup and delivery. Companies are trying to adapt their business to the new challenges and conditions that prevail in the transport market through different cost management models. One way to manage costs is to outsourcing costs. This paper proposes a model cost calculation in outsourcing services for pickup and delivery shipments based on the number of stops.
The present review paper provides a systematic insight into the studies published so far when it comes to the research on the cost and performance optimisation in the parcel delivery phase. Globalisation, as well as the new trends, such as selling online, directly influences the demands for the delivery of goods. Demand for the delivery of goods proportionally affects the transport prices. A great majority of deliveries is carried out in densely populated urban areas. In terms of costs, the greatest part in the courier organisations costs is observed in the technological phase of parcel delivery, which is at the same time the least efficient. For that reason, significant improvement of performance and cost optimisation in the very delivery phase is a rather challenging field for the researchers. New algorithm-based technologies, innovations in the logistics and outsourcing of individual technological phases are ways by means of which one strives to enhance the delivery efficiency, to improve performance and quality, but also - to optimise the costs in the last phase of delivery. The aim of the present paper is to offer a systematic review into the most recent research in the field of technology, innovations and outsourcing models with the aim of reducing the cost and enhancing the productivity and quality in parcel delivery.
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