“…Geographic information system (GIS)-based network analyses provide an excellent tool set for analysing the geographic or 'spatial' components of logistics optimisation as a part of the supply chain with graphical network data, such as routable geographic models of route networks (Miller & Shaw, 2015). The analytical framework is largely applied to centralised delivery or collection types of study settings (see Bosona et al, 2011;Korhonen et al, 2017;Kosovac et al, 2020;Kotavaara et al, 2017;Yu et al, 2021), including also logistic optimisation of rural side stream flows (Lemire et al, 2019). There are also several studies applying location optimisation for rural cases in Finland such as accessibility of local and organic food (Kotavaara et al, 2014), bale wrapping waste from farms in North Karelia, Finland (Tepponen et al, 2020) and location optimisation for cattle and pig manure-based biogas reactors in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland (Kotavaara et al, 2022).…”