For over fifty years, the pathogenesis of May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) has been associated with chronic left common iliac vein compression resulting in the formation of intraluminal, permanent obstructive lesions. However, despite this association, the mechanism by which compression produces these lesions is unknown. Diagnostic accuracy of MTS is critical since it often afflicts young patients requiring endovascular management. This review will focus on the historical, embryological and evolutionary description of MTS and examine its development, diagnosis, clinical management and potential diagnostic errors.

Thrombotic or embolic arterial occlusive disease can lead to profound ischemia and, without emergent revascularization, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Significant advances in the management of arterial occlusive disease range from newer thrombolytic agents to innovative catheter designs to enhance thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Most of these advances have been directed toward the management of acute limb ischemia; therefore, we review the management of limb ischemia with emphasis on endovascular interventions.

In mid-January of 2021, there were over 95 million diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and approximately 2 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 cases requiring hospitalization or intensive care show changes in computed tomography of the chest with improved sensitivity. Several radiology societies have attempted to standardize the reporting of pulmonary involvement by COVID-19. The COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) builds on lessons learned during the peak of the first wave of the pandemic and shows good inter-observer reliability and good performance in predicting moderate to severe disease. We illustrate the application of the CO-RADS classification with imaging from confirmed cases of COVID-19 and discuss differences to other COVID-19 classifications.

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a growing epidemic with bleak patient outcomes. A variety of treatment modalities have been adopted to address CLI based on comorbidities, life expectancy, and the nature of the arterial disease. With advances in technology and treatment strategies, the clinical outcomes of CLI patients have significantly improved over recent years. However, despite progress, patency rates of both surgical and endovascular interventions, limb-salvage and amputation rates are still dismal. We review the epidemiology, treatment strategies, imaging modalities, and the microcirculation aspect of CLI.

Effective communication among members of medical teams is an important factor for early and appropriate diagnosis. The terminology used in radiology reports appears in this context as an important link between radiologists and other members of the medical team. Therefore, heterogeneity in the use of terms in reports is an important but little discussed issue. This article is the result of an extensive review of nomenclature in thoracic radiology, including for the first time terms used in X-rays, CT, and MRI, conducted by radiologists from Brazil and Portugal. The objective of this review of medical terminology was to create a standardized language for medical professionals and multidisciplinary teams.

PurposeTo analyze and quantify the prevalence of six comorbidities from lung cancer screening (LCS) on computed tomography (CT) scans of patients from developing countries.MethodsFor this retrospective study, low-dose CT scans (n=775) from patients who underwent LCS in a tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2020 were examined. Age and sex- matched control group was obtained for comparison (n=370). Using the software, coronary artery calcification (CAC), the skeletal muscle area (SMA), interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs), emphysema, osteoporosis, and hepatic steatosis was accessed. Clinical characteristics of each participant were identified. t-test and chi-squared test were used to examine differences between these values. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Interobserver agreement (assessed by calculating kappa coefficients) were calculated to assess the correlation of measures interpreted by two observers. p values<0.05 were considered significant.ResultsOne or more comorbidities were identified in 86.6% of the patients and in 40% of the controls. The most prevalent comorbidity was osteoporosis, present in 44.2% of patients and on 24.8% of the controls. New diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, emphysema, and osteoporosis were made in 25%, 7%, and 46% of cases, respectively. The kappa coefficient for CAC was 0.906 (p<0.001). ICCs for measures of liver, spleen, and bone density were 0.88, 0.93, and 0.96, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsCT data acquired during LCS led to the identification of previously undiagnosed comorbidities. The LCS is useful to facilitate comorbidity diagnosis in developing countries, providing opportunities for its prevention and treatment.

No abstract

No abstract