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In general, the costs for cellulases production are associated with the value of the carbon source used in the process. Waste from the food processing industry contains several reusable substances that can replace the expensive components used in culture media for the production of cellulases. In this work, it was studied the combined interactive effect of different concentrations of sugarcane bagasse treated with alkali, passion fruit rind flour and corn steep liquor for maximal avicel -hydrolyzing enzymesavicelases by thermophilic Bacillus sp SMIA-2, using statistical methodology. The influence of metal ions on the activity and stability of the enzyme was also investigated in order to increase the industrial applicability of enzymes. A concentration of 0.3% (w /v) of these three components in the production medium can be used successfully to obtain high levels of avicellase activity. The avicelase displayed enhanced activity in the presence of 10 Mm CoCl2 after incubation at 90ºC for 1 h, indicating th at this enzyme depended on the metal ions to promote its activity and stability at higher temperatures.

Microbial proteases, especially from Bacillus spp., have enormously been exploited for a broad variety of applications such as for physiological processes, food and feedstuff, detergents, as well as in the pharmaceutical and leather. In this work, proteases produced by the thermophilic Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 submerged cultures were spray-dried in an attempt to improve its stability for applications in industry. The enzymatic extract was dried using drying adjuvants, and optimal conditions for preserving enzymatic activity were studied following a statistical experimental design. The spray process factors studied were the drier air inlet temperature and the adjuvants concentrations. The responses analyzed were the enzymatic activity and mass recovered of the powder after spray drying. Additionally, the stability of the powder was assessed during 180 days at room temperature. The results revealed that satisfactory levels of enzymatic activity were obtained when 0.5% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose and 1.0% (w/v) maltodextrin were incorporated to enzymes solutions and the spray drier inlet temperature was 110 ºC. Furthermore, this dried protease extracts showed potential for future commercial applications because of their stability at room temperature for 180 days.

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The present study investigated the potential lipase production for Bacillus licheniformis SMIA-3 using the agro-industrial co-products: orange flour (OF) and grape flour (GF) blend waste cooking oil (WCO). The OF was selected due to its best source for lipase production observed in preliminary tests. Therefore, OF was tested at different fermentation times at 50°C using the statistical design Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) allied to the response surface. An optimal region was found with lipolytic activity of 0.349 U mL-1 with OF and WCO filters around (0.50% w v-1) and between (0.55 and 0.75% w v-1), respectively, and the fermentation time at the central point (42h). Data supplied a method to produce lipase using orange flour and frying oil, as a way to reuse these waste as feedstock to obtain employable lipase and lower production costs with biotechnological applications in industrial sector

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Many enzymes utilize divalent metal ions as co-factors for catalysis. In this work was studied the effect of metal ions on activity and stability of crude extracts containing cellulases, obtained from submerged cultures of Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 containing corn steep liquor, sugarcane bagasse and passion fruit rind flour. The activit of avicelase (avicelhydrolyzing enzymes) was stimulated by Co 2+ and Ba +2 at 1mM concentrations, while the CMCase (carboxymethylcellulose-hydrolyzing enzymes) was stimulated mainly by Mn 2+ , indicating that these ions had a functional role in the molecular structure of the cellulases of Bacillus sp SMIA-2.