The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing more rapidly in adolescents than in any other age group. We identified and compared metabolite signatures in obese children with type 2 diabetes (T2D), obese children without diabetes (OB), and healthy, age-and gendermatched normal weight controls (NW) by measuring 273 analytes in fasting plasma and 24hour urine samples from 90 subjects by targeted LC-MS/MS. Diabetic subjects were within 2 years of diagnosis in an attempt to capture early-stage disease prior to declining renal function. We found 22 urine metabolites that were uniquely associated with T2D when compared to OB and NW groups. The metabolites most significantly elevated in T2D youth included members of the betaine pathway, nucleic acid metabolism, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their catabolites. Notably, the metabolite pattern in OB and T2D groups differed between urine and plasma, suggesting that urinary BCAAs and their intermediates behaved as a more specific biomarker for T2D, while plasma BCAAs associated with the obese, insulin resistant state independent of diabetes status. Correlative analysis of metabolites in the T2D signature indicated that betaine metabolites, BCAAs, and aromatic amino acids were associated with hyperglycemia, but BCAA acylglycine derivatives and nucleic acid metabolites were linked to insulin resistance. Of major interest, we found that urine levels of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICA-riboside) were increased in diabetic youth, identifying urine SAICA-riboside as a potential biomarker for T2D.
Actualmente, se observa una fuerte competencia entre las empresas, independientemente del tamaño y ubicación geográfica de éstas. En este contexto, la innovación juega un papel preponderante, destacándose, entre los factores y/o condiciones que la propician, las prácticas de gestión del conocimiento (GC) y las tecnologías de información (TI). En este trabajo se presenta el análisis descriptivo de las prácticas de gestión del conocimiento y el uso de las TI, así como el comportamiento innovador, tomando como marco de referencia a pequeñas y medianas empresas ubicadas en Cataluña, España; asimismo, se presentan las relaciones encontradas entre innovación, GC y TI. Entre los resultados encontrados se destacan la influencia ejercida por las prácticas de GC en la innovación de las empresas estudiadas, así como el papel no determinante mostrado por las TI en este mismo aspecto de la innovación.
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