The cross-disciplinary activity of modelling and simulation is the core of the scientific activities addressing the complexity of nature. In this context, we need reliable computational environments to integrate heterogeneous representations coming from different scientific fields. Therefore, such environments must be able to integrate heterogeneous formalisms in the same model and assist the modeller for the design and implementation of models, the definition of the experimental frames and the analysis of simulation results. The aim of this article is to introduce a tool supporting all these features, the Virtual Laboratory Environment (VLE). VLE is a software and an API which supports multi-modelling, simulation and analysis. It addresses the reliability issue by using recent developments in the theory of modelling and simulation proposed by Zeigler. We present VLE in the context of the modelling and simulation cycle and show the effectiveness of the tool with a multimodel of fireman fighting a fire spread.
Industry 4.0 is a revolution in manufacturing by introducing disruptive technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-computing into the heart of the factory. The resulting increased automation and the improved production synergy between stocks, supply chains and customer demands, come along with the threats and attacks from the Internet. Despite extensive literature on the cybersecurity topic, many actors in manufacturing factories are just realizing the impact of cybersecurity in the preservation of their business. This paper introduces step-by-step the concepts and practical aspects of an Industry 4.0 manufacturing factory that are related to cybersecurity. Based on a subdivision of a typical factory into several generic perimeters, we present the vulnerabilities and threats regarding the network and devices usually found in each perimeter. Therefore, it is more efficient to present the recent proposals of the literature regarding cybersecurity guidelines and solutions in Industry 4.0. Instead of spreading a lot of references regarding every aspect of cybersecurity, we focused on a limited number of papers among the recent references. However, for each paper, we provide the details about the purpose of the proposal, the methodology adopted, the technical solution developed and its evaluation by the authors. These solutions range from classical cybersecurity countermeasures to innovative ones, such as those based on honeypots and digital twins. In order to deliver a review also useful to non scientists, we present our guidelines along with those of some organizations involved in cybersecurity harmonization and standardization in the world.
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