The control of tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, that has the cattle as preferential host, has been performed using products based on different chemical substances. However, the indiscriminate use of these products has caused the selection of resistant populations and damages to the environment, contaminating the soil and water. Tickcides, like fipronil (synthetic chemical) and thymol (natural chemical), are applied on cattle through aspersion, causing the death of the ectoparasites. Nevertheless, the effects of these products on nontarget organisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, this study evaluated the morphology of the liver and thyroid of female Mus musculus mice, divided into 5 treatment groups/5 individuals each, exposed to fipronil (2%) and thymol (2 mg/mL) through aspersion baths. After exposure, the mice were euthanized with anaesthetic overdose and dissected for organ removal. The results showed that both fipronil and thymol caused morphological alterations in the organs: cytoplasmic vacuolation, cell death characteristics in hepatocyte nuclei and structural disorganization of the thyroid gland. Along with body weight measurement, the results suggest that the morphological alterations would be a systemic response of the organism to the toxic action of these products, regardless their origin (synthetic of natural).
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RESUMOAs cidades brasileiras enfrentam sérios problemas de mobilidade urbana causados, principalmente, pelo padrão de desenvolvimento urbano (disperso, segregado e dependente do modal rodoviário). O aumento dos congestionamentos e acidentes, a precariedade do transporte coletivo público, o aumento das distâncias percorridas no cotidiano e a falta de infraestruturas necessárias tem se tornando, cada vez mais, problemas estruturais nas cidades. Este artigo propõe um diagnóstico da mobilidade urbana em Piracicaba, interior do estado de São Paulo, através do sistema cicloviário como alternativa para o panorama atual de mobilidade na cidade. Como metodologia, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico, de dados e documental; trabalhos em campo e mapeamento temático. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para sérios problemas da mobilidade urbana apresentados na cidade, tais como o aumento na frota de automóveis (67%) e motocicletas (150%) entre os anos de 2002 e 2015 além de um sistema cicloviário deficitário, com trechos que não interligam as principais áreas das cidades, possuindo um caráter de lazer ao invés de funcional para as atividades do cotidiano da população.Palavras-chaves: Mobilidade Urbana; Sistema cicloviário; Piracicaba – São Paulo. ABSTRACTBrazilian cities have been facing serious urban mobility problems caused mainly by the pattern of urban development (dispersed, segregated and road modal dependent). The increases in traffic jams and accidents, the precarious public transport, the increase in daily life distances and the lack of necessary infrastructure are increasingly becoming structural problems in cities. This article proposes a diagnosis of urban mobility in the Piracicaba, in São Paulo state interior, through the bicycle system as an alternative to the current panorama of mobility in the city. As methodology, a bibliographical and data survey was carried out, also field work and thematic mapping. The results show serious urban mobility problems in the city, such as the increase in the car fleet (67%) and motorcycles (150%) from 2002 to 2015 and a deficient bicycle system, with non-interconnected paths to the city’s main areas and having a leisure character rather than functional for the population daily activities.Keywords: Urban Mobility; Bicycle path system; Piracicaba - São Paulo.
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