In this study, the influence of an amino silane (3-(2aminoethylamino)-propyldimethoxymethylsilane, AEAPS) on the interfacial structure and adhesion of butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymers (BAMMAs) to silica was investigated by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG). Small amounts of methacrylic acid, MAA, were included in the BAMMA polymerizations to assess the impact of carboxylic acid functionality on the glass interface. SFG was used to probe the O− H and CO groups of incorporated MAA, ester CO groups of BAMMA, and CH groups from all species at the silica interfaces. The addition of AEAPS resulted in a significant change in the molecular structure of the polymer at the buried interface with silica due to specific interactions between the BAMMA polymers and silane. SFG results were consistent with the formation of ionic bonds between the primary and secondary amines of the AEAPS tail group and the MAA component of the polymer, as evidenced by the loss of the MAA O−H and CO signals at the interface. It is extensively reported in the literature that methoxy head groups of an amino silane chemically bind to the silanols of glass, leaving the amine groups available to react with various chemical functionalities. Our results are consistent with this scenario and support an adhesion promotion mechanism of amino silane with various aspects: (1) the ionic bond formation between the tail amine group and acid functionality on BAMMA, (2) the chemical coupling between the silane head group and glass, (3) migration of more ester CO groups to the interface with order, and (4) disordering or reduced levels of CH groups at the interface. These results are important for better understanding of the mechanisms and effect of amino silanes on the adhesion between acrylate polymers and glass substrates in a variety of applications.
Quick-dry waterborne traffic paints have dramatically improved since their introduction more than 25 years ago, largely because of improvements in waterborne polymer technology. Paints today can be designed to better meet the needs of the pavement marking industry, but the improved performance is only realized when specifications are kept up to date. Because of the many separate specifying agencies, there is significant disparity in specifications in terms of approach, requirements, test types and procedures, and language. Furthermore, specifications are commonly filled with historical remnants (i.e., tests that are outdated or redundant or that do not predict or correlate with performance in the field). This paper draws on three decades of laboratory and field trial data to demonstrate some of the variation in performance from one paint to another and to provide some guidance on what types of tests and specifications can help a road authority ensure it is getting good quality traffic paint. The data are presented to outline and propose strategies for updating, improving, and streamlining waterborne traffic paint specifications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.