Purpose This study aimed to understand the potential barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination among youth. Methods Open-ended questions regarding COVID-19 vaccination were posed to a national cohort of 14- to 24-year-olds (October 30, 2020). Responses were coded through qualitative thematic analysis. Multivariable logistic regression tested the association of demographic characteristics with vaccination unwillingness. Results Among 911 respondents (response rate = 79.4%), 75.9% reported willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, 42.7% had unconditional willingness, and 33.3% were conditionally willing, of which the majority (80.7%) were willing if experts deemed vaccination safe and recommended. Preferred vaccine information sources were medical organizations (42.3%; CDC, WHO) and health care professionals (31.7%). Frequent concerns with vaccination included side effects (36.2%) and efficacy (20.1%). Race predicted vaccination unwillingness (Black: odds ratio = 3.31; and Asian: odds ratio = .46, compared with white, p < .001). Conclusion Most youth in our national sample were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine when they believe it is safe and recommended. Public health experts and organizations must generate youth-centered materials that directly address their vaccination concerns.

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During 2012, global detection of a new norovirus (NoV) strain, GII.4 Sydney, raised concerns about its potential effect in the United States. We analyzed data from NoV outbreaks in 5 states and emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness in 1 state during the 2012–13 season and compared the data with those of previous seasons. During August 2012–April 2013, a total of 637 NoV outbreaks were reported compared with 536 and 432 in 2011–2012 and 2010–2011 during the same period. The proportion of outbreaks attributed to GII.4 Sydney increased from 8% in September 2012 to 82% in March 2013. The increase in emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness during the 2012–13 season was similar to that of previous seasons. GII.4 Sydney has become the predominant US NoV outbreak strain during the 2012–13 season, but its emergence did not cause outbreak activity to substantially increase from that of previous seasons.

The NYS populations with TFA restrictions experienced fewer cardiovascular events, beyond temporal trends, compared with those without restrictions.

This cross-sectional study examines the availability of grocery delivery in census tracts designated as food deserts and among households within them.

Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC) presents unique challenges for percutaneous coronary intervention. Calcium appears as a signal-poor region with well-defined borders by FD-OCT, which might enable full quantification of CAC. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the accuracy of intravascular frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) to determine distribution of CAC. Methods and Results Cadaveric coronary arteries were imaged using FD-OCT at 100Dm frame interval. Arteries were subsequently frozen, sectioned and imaged in their entire length at 20Dm intervals using the Case Cryo-Imaging automated system™. Full volumetric co-registration between FD-OCT and cryo-images was performed. Calcium area, distance from lumen and angle were traced on every cross-section and volumetric quantification was performed offline using a dedicated algorithm. Thirty left anterior descending (LAD) arteries were imaged by both FD-OCT and cryo-imaging. Of these, 13 vessels had a total of 55 plaques with calcification by cryo-imaging and FD-OCT identified 47 (85%) of these plaques. Quantitative analyses of 1285 cryo-images were compared with corresponding co-registered 257 FD-OCT images. Calcium distribution, represented by the calcium-lumen distance (depth) and the mean calcium angle, was similar with excellent correlation between FD-OCT and cryo-imaging respectively (calcium-lumen distance: 0.25±0.09mm vs. 0.26±0.12mm, p=0.742; R=0.90), (mean calcium angle: 35.33±21.86° vs. 39.68±26.61°, p=0.207; R=0.88). Volumetric quantification of CAC was possible by OCT; calcium volume was underestimated in large calcifications in which the abluminal plaque border could not be well visualized (3.11±2.14mm3 vs. 4.58±3.39mm3, p=0.001) in OCT vs. cryo respectively. Conclusion Intravascular FD-OCT can accurately characterize CAC distribution. OCT can quantify absolute calcium volume, but may underestimate calcium burden in large plaques with poorly defined abluminal borders.

Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) imaging aims at recovering the 3D geometry of objects that are hidden from the direct line of sight. One major challenge with this technique is the weak available multibounce signal limiting scene size, capture speed, and reconstruction quality. To overcome this obstacle, we introduce a multipixel time-of-flight non-line-of-sight imaging method combining specifically designed Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array detectors with a fast reconstruction algorithm that captures and reconstructs live low-latency videos of non-line-of-sight scenes with natural non-retroreflective objects. We develop a model of the signal-to-noise-ratio of non-line-of-sight imaging and use it to devise a method that reconstructs the scene such that signal-to-noise-ratio, motion blur, angular resolution, and depth resolution are all independent of scene depth suggesting that reconstruction of very large scenes may be possible.

Lipoprotein X (LpX) is an abnormal lipoprotein found in conditions such as lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and cholestatic states (e.g., primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis). Management of severe hypercholesterolemia due to LpX with drugs and physical removal methods is not well established in the literature. A case is discussed of a 51-year-old woman who presented with multiple electrolyte abnormalities, xanthomas and neuropathy found to be secondary to LpX in the setting of primary sclerosing cholangitis. This case highlights that oral medications, including statins, may be insufficient to normalize lipid levels or improve clinical symptoms of LpX and presents therapeutic plasma exchange as a safe and effective therapeutic option to treat the morbid sequela of LpX hyperlipidemia.