Aims: Our aim was to evaluate the elasticity features of the optic nerve using strain (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in comparison with healthy subjects. Material and methods: One hundred and seven optic nerves from 54 MS patients and 118 optic nerves from 59 healthy subjects were examined prospectively by SE and SWE. Optic nerves were divided into three types in accordance to the elasticity designs, as follows: type 1 predominantly blue (hardest tissue); type 2 predominantly blue/green (hard tissue); and type 3 predominantly green (intermediate tissue). Quantitative measurements of optic nerve hardness with SWE were analyzed in kilopascals. Results: Elastographic images from healthy volunteers showed mostly type 3 optic nerves (61.9%); type 2 was also found (38.1%), but type 1 was not observed. Elastographic examination of MS patients showed mostly type 2 optic nerves (88%), while some type 1 (4.6%) and type 3 optic nerves (6.5%) were rarely observed. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of elasticity patterns between patients and healthy volunteers (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed between patients and healthy volunteers in the analysis of SWE values (10.381±3.48 kPa and 33.87±11.64 p<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was perfect (0.993; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.971–0.999), and a cut-off value of 18.3 kPa shear had very high sensitivity and specificity for the patient group. No significant differences were observed between patients with and without previous optic neuritis. Conclusion: SE and SWE examination findings concerning the optic nerve in MS patients demonstrated remarkable differences according to the healthy group.

BackgroundExcessive weight is a well-known risk factor for microvascular diseases. Changes in thickness in a vascular tissue, such as the choroid, can be useful to evaluate the effect of obesity on the microvascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) changes in obese women, using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsThe prospective clinical study included examination of the right eyes of 72 patients. The right eyes of 68 patients were examined and served as the controls. A complete ophthalmological examination and OCT imaging were performed for each group studied. The CT in each eye was measured using OCT.ResultsThe obese group consisted of 72 female patients with a mean age of 37.27 ± 1.18 years. The control group included 68 female subjects with a mean age of 37.85 ± 7.98 years (p > 0.05). There was no statistical significant difference for the foveal retinal thickness measurements between the two groups (p > 0.5). Our study revealed significant choroidal tissue thickening subfoveally and at areas 500 μm temporal, 500 μm nasal, and 1500 μm nasal to the fovea in the obese group (all p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and CT changes.ConclusionsCT may increase in obese women and a positive correlation was found between BMI and CT.The trial protocol was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of the Kırıkkale University, date of registration: April 27, 2015 (registration number: 10/11).

BackgroundVitiligo is a disease characterized by depigmented macules and patches that occur as a result of the loss of functional melanocytes from the affected skin through a mechanism which has not been elucidated yet. Destruction of pigment cells in vitiligo may not remain limited to the skin; the eyelashes, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retinal pigment epithelium and meninges may also be affected. This study aims to compare the choroidal thickness of patients with and without vitiligo using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsSpectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Retina Scan Advanced RS-3000 NIDEK, Japan) instrument (with λ = 840 nm, 27,000 A-scans/second and 5 μm axial resolution) was used for the imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software package.ResultsIn all values except optic nevre area measurements, the choroidal thickness of all vitiligo patients was found out to be thinner compared to the control group.ConclusionsIn vitiligo, the choroidal thickness may be affected by the loss of melanocytes.

Different CCT measurement techniques produce quite different results, so CCT evaluation and follow-up should be performed using the same device or devices with close compatibility.

Choroidal thickness was decreased in all 3 groups. The DEX and TA groups showed a significant reduction at some areas. Ranibizumab had the smallest effect on choroidal thickness after 3 months among all groups.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of different anterior capsulotomy techniques and intraocular lens (IOL) types on IOL tilt and decentration. For this purpose the device using Purkinje reflections and photographic documentation were evaluated. A total of 107 cataractous eyes undergoing IOL implant surgery were divided into four groups based on the type of IOL and capsulotomy: group 1, single-piece polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL with a haptic distance of 13.50 mm; group 2, single-piece PMMA IOL with 12.0 mm overall lenght; group 3, three-piece foldable acrylic IOL with 13.00 mm PMMA haptic distance; group 4, the same IOL as group 1. While continuous circular capsulorhexis was the type of capsulotomy in the first three groups, envelope capsulotomy was used in group 4. Mean tilt and decentration were significantly less when capsulorhexis technique was used in comparison with envelope capsulotomy. Mean tilt of group 1 (2.83±0.89 degrees) and mean decentration of group 2 (0.28±0.14 mm) were higher within the first three groups. The differences regarding both the IOL decentration and tilt between the first three groups were statistically significant. This study shows that if the IOLs were placed properly in the capsular bag after continuous circular capsulorhexis, foldable acrylic IOLs with PMMA haptics are superior in terms of tilt and decentration.

Although RAN was the safest among the 3 agents, DEX and IVTA reduced CMT more than RAN, while significant improvement was achieved in BCVA in all groups. All 3 agents can be effectively used in the treatment of macular edema due to BRVO.

To evaluate the changes in subfoveal retinal, and choroidal thicknesses (CT) in the non-treated acute and the ranibizumab-treated chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients.This retrospective study included 32 eyes of 32 consecutive patients with CSCR. There were 12 patients who presented with a spontaneous resolution of CSCR (Group 1) and 20 patients who were treated with ranibizumab for persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) (Group 2). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of subfoveal retinal thickness and enhanced depth imaging OCT of CT at subfoveal; at nasal and temporal 500 μm (T500); at nasal and temporal 1500 μm (T1500) were analyzed. The Student t test and multivariate analysis were used to compare variables within and between groups, respectively and correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. A P value of P < .05 was accepted as significant.The mean patient age was 38.94 ± 8.41 years (range, 20–53 years). Female/male ratio was 4/28. The mean duration of follow-up was 21.6 ± 8.2 months in the chronic CSCR group. Visual acuity improved and central foveal thickness (FT) decreased significantly in both groups. CT decreased significantly only at nasal 1500 μm (N1500) in the acute group and at all measured points in the chronic group compared with baseline, except at T500 (P = .07). No significant difference in central FT was detected between the 2 groups. Compared with the acute group, baseline subfoveal CT was significantly higher in chronic patients. There was a significant difference between the groups in baseline and final CT at T500. No significant difference was found at T1500. At nasal 500 μm and N1500, the difference between the groups was significant only for final CT values.Chronic CSCR was associated with higher baseline CT values in the subfoveal region and at T500. CT significantly decreased at most of the measured points in ranibizumab-treated chronic CSCR patients, whereas it significantly decreased only at 1 point in spontaneously resolved acute CSCR patients.