The mosquitoes are a serious threat to public health, since they are known vectors of many life-threatening diseases. Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths worldwide every year. While mosquitoes are important to maintain ecosystems, the aim is to keep them out of our personal space. People looking for alternatives to synthetic mosquito repellents may find that some natural repellents are effective in protecting them from bites. Natural insect repellents use natural ingredients such essential oils and other plant-based elements. Certain essential oils are effective and helpful in repelling mosquitoes, and are a natural alternative to the harsh chemicals in commercial bug sprays. These products are also likely to be less toxic to humans and the environment. Natural repellents and some essential oils may be effective in keeping mosquitoes away because they block their sense of smell. Many natural scents that are appealing to humans actually repel mosquitoes. Plant - based repellents are becoming more widely used as a protecting measure against mosquito bites, but more research is needed to develop natural repellents in terms of improving their repellent efficiency as well as in terms of their safety for use. This article presents a review about the best essential oils used as green repellents against mosquito bites, their efficiency, development and testing.
In the modern society, the problem of the treatment of natural and wastewater resources and their management, is becoming very important. Of particular interest is the definition of adequate and sophisticated procedures for the treatment of natural and wastewater resources, regardless of whether the source of pollution is of geogenic or anthropogenic origin. Sustainable development of separation processes has recently been increasingly imposed by the need to develop modern, non-conventional bioseparation processes for the elimination of toxic metals from wastewater, by applying low cost unconventional sorbents. The purpose of this paper is to remove Mn (II) ions from aqueous solutions by applying a natural adsorbent (grape branches - agricultural waste). To accomplish the established goal, the experiments were carried out with model solutions with known initial concentrations of Mn(II) ions in a laboratory batch reactor, with the purpose of studying the effect of adsorption time on adsorbate concentration and on the adsorbed amount of Mn(II) ions. The raw material was characterized in terms of its chemical composition and particle size distribution. The obtained results were applied to model the adsorption equilibrium using several adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson, using the MATLAB/Curve fitting toolbox software package.
The availability of clean water is a challenge around the world. In recent decades, environmental pollution through the excessive discharge of organic and inorganic water in water contributes to large quantities of wastewater. These halts are a major threat to the surrounding ecosystem and human health if they are not treated before being discharged into the environment. Therefore, there is an increasing attraction for the development and improvement of more accessible methods for wastewater treatment. Today, the adsorption, as a method for purifying the waters from pollutants, is paid great attention because it represents a simple, efficient and economical method, which gives the opportunity to apply a large number of natural and synthetic adsorbents. In the group of natural adsorbents that are used to remove water from the water systems, there are more materials, such as: inorganic materials, activated carbon based on biomass, agricultural solid waste, biosorbents and microbial biomass.
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