CFD simulations promise to make great contributions to understand the airflow characteristics of healthy and pathologic noses. Before surgery, planning for any specific intervention using CFD techniques on the nasal cavity model of the patient may help foreseeing the aerodynamic effects of the operation and might increase the success rate of the surgical treatment.
A large variety of approaches have been used to treat large and irregular shaped bone defects with less than optimal success due to material or design issues. In recent years patient specific constructs prepared by additive manufacturing provided a solution to the need for shaping implants to fit irregular defects in the surgery theater. In this study, cylindrical disks of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were printed by fused deposition modeling and modified with nanohydroxyapatite (HAp) and poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) to create a mechanically strong implant with well-defined pore size and porosity, controllable surface hydrophilicity (with PPF) and osteoconductivity (with HAp). Cytotoxicity, irritation and inflammation tests demonstrated that the scaffolds were biocompatible. PCL/HAp and PCL/HAp/PPF scaffolds were implanted in the femurs of rabbits with and without seeding with rabbit Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSC) and examined after 4 and 8 weeks with micro-CT, mechanically and histologically. BMSC seeded PCL/HAp/PPF scaffolds showed improved tissue regeneration as determined by bone mineral density and micro-CT. Compressive and tension stiffness values (394 and 463 N mm) were significantly higher than those of the healthy rabbit femur (316 and 392 N mm, respectively) after 8 weeks of implantation. These 3D implants have great potential for patient-specific bone defect treatments.
We examined the anatomical structure of a ligament (ligamentum meniscofibulare) between apex fibulae and lateral meniscus by macroscopic and microscopic dissection and transillumination method in 50 knees of 25 cadavers (5 were fresh). We analyzed the function of this ligament, which runs between the head of the fibulae and lateral meniscus. The existence of a connection between knee joint and proximal tibiofibular joint was demonstrated by injecting colored liquid into the knee joint space and transillumination. The mensicofibular ligament is a capsular ligament originating from the lateral meniscus that is anterior to the popliteal muscle tendon. The meniscofibular ligament, which is attached to fibula with rotatory motion at one end and to the lateral meniscus at the other, is believed to position the lateral meniscus and therefore to play a key role in the knee joint.
The purpose of this case study was to investigate the dynamic features of fibular movement to gait pattern by analyzing the gait of individuals with three different parts of the fibula resected. Gait analyses revealed that proximal fibula resection impaired knee stability, whereas distal fibula resection disturbed ankle kinematics significantly. Except a mild secondary quadriceps weakness, middle fibula resection did not cause a significant biomechanical disturbance on gait.
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