Mechanical behavior of soils is highly dependent on their composition. In order to gain better understanding of change in strength parameters according to soil composition, direct shear tests were conducted in this study. Sand was selected as preliminary soil type. Fine grained soil was mixed with sand step by step. Amount of fine grains was increased 10% in each step. Eleven different mixtures were obtained and standard proctor tests were conducted to determine highest unit weight and optimum water content for each mixture. Then, direct shear tests were conducted for each mixture. Four different confining pressures were chosen, and confining pressures were 9.81 kPa, 19.62 kPa, 40.81 kPa and 58.86 kPa. Shearing rate was chosen as 0.25 mm/min for sandy soils. When the tests were conducted for fine grained soils, shearing rate was chosen as 0.065 mm/min. Results of this study might help understanding of failure of soil under low confinement.
ÖzNowadays, limited natural resources and huge consumption leads to increase in production costs and energy usage. Increasing energy consumption causes environmental damages, which yield climate change. This situation increases the interest in sustainability along with the recycling of waste material in different areas. While sustainability awareness of society is tried to be created in different countries, research and development studies are also carried out on the other hand. Studies regarding sustainability in civil engineering include recycling and reuse of various wastes. Turkey has 73% of the boron reserves, and provides 50% of boron need in the world. The boron mine can be used in a wide variety of applications such as aerospace and aircraft industries and even in disinfectant production due to the Covid-19 pandemic. On the other hand, boron waste is expected to increase with the increase in production potential. The objective of this study is to introduce the potential of using boron wastes in civil engineering. Applications of boron waste in civil engineering have been researched in the literature and evaluated in detail. As a result of the study, possible boron waste assessment suggestions have been presented for Turkey.
Tasarım aşamasında yapılara etkiyecek deprem yüklerinin belirlenebilmesi için statik ve dinamik analiz yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Statik analiz yöntemlerinden biri de tasarım ivme spektrumlarının hesaplanmasıdır. 2007 yılından itibaren kullanılmakta olan Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Yönetmelik (DBYBHY) 2019 yılından itibaren kaldırılıp yerine Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğinin kullanılması zorunlu hale getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, her iki yönetmeliğe göre tanımlanan spektral ivme değerleri ile zemin hâkim periyotları Eskişehir’deki farklı zemin sınıfları için karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, Eskişehir il merkezine ait 40 adet sondaj verisi kullanılarak hesaplamalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. DBYBHY 2007’de Eskişehir için tanımlanan zemin hâkim periyotları aynı yerel zemin sınıfı için sabit iken, TBDY 2018 için bu değerler, sondajın yapıldığı bölgeye bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu nedenle, TBDY 2018’den elde edilen zemin hâkim periyotlarının aynı zemin sınıfı için bile olsa küçük farklılıklar gösterirken, aynı yerel zemin sınıfı için spektral ivmelerde meydana gelen değişimin daha belirgin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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