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The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction by which to develop environment-friendly school facilities. To achieve this, field measurements were conducted to evaluate indoor environmental conditions such as thermal, visual and indoor air quality in 15 schools. Additionally, environmental elements were also investigated and analyzed through teachers' questionnaires. According to the results of measurements, the thermal condition, minimum illuminance, CO, TBC and formaldehyde were satisfactory in most of the classrooms. However, CO 2 , PM 10 and TVOCs exceeded the standards. As it was found that the indoor classroom environment significantly influences the academic achievement of students, a plan should be made for indoor noise isolation, comfortable thermal environment maintenance, and uniform light distribution. The environment-friendly architectural design elements applicable to school facilities were found to be: environmental studio, vegetable gardening, school forest, and landscape architecture elements, in this order.

The study intends to develop energy load prediction equations which can be easily used to estimate the energy consumption of multi-residential buildings in the central climatic zone in Korea during the early design stage. Based on an intensive literature search, energy strategies and performance levels which affect heating and cooling energy consumption were established for a reference baseline building. To analyze the sensitivity of each energy strategy to overall performance, the table of Orthogonal Array was used to decrease the number of experiments to 81 in spite of the fact that the required number for carrying out the simulation was 3 12 (=531,441). The computer simulation was performed using EnergyPlus. At the same time, the Analysis of Variance was conducted to estimate the relative importance of each energy factor. The results of the ANOVA were used as data for multiple regression analysis which could develop the load prediction equations. The proposed equation will provide architects with a simple and yet reliable tool to estimate the energy load of a building at the early design stage. At the same time, it will enable architects to develop the best design solution in terms of energy performance.

This study aims to develop a system-integrated design prototype for realizing zero emission buildings (ZEBs) and to apply the same to standard-model buildings in order to demonstrate the feasibility of ZEBs. Toward this end, we analyzed the energy consumption/CO 2 emission performance of various design strategies and component technologies. Residential buildings, office buildings, and school buildings were selected as the building types that will have the greatest ripple effect from the viewpoint of realizing ZEBs. Prototype models using various architectural planning elements, facility planning elements, and renewable energy systems were proposed for each type, and the CO 2 emissions reductions were evaluated through an energy performance analysis. The reductions in CO 2 emissions for these building types decreased in the order of school buildings (58.6%) > office buildings (46.1%) > residential buildings (36.6%). This study is significant in that currently available technologies were employed as element technologies, and CO 2 emissions were evaluated based on the most common buildings.

This study presents energy consumption prediction equations developed by conducting multiple regression analyses of data collected in surveys of actual states of energy consumption in apartment buildings in their operational stage.Surveys of actual states of average energy consumption per unit show that 1) the largest component of energy consumption is room heating, followed by electricity, hot water supply, and gas, in that order; 2) energy consumption increases with household area; 3) among exposures, energy consumption is highest in households facing east or northeast and lowest in those facing south or southwest; 4) among height types, energy consumption is highest in super-high-rise apartment buildings (50 stories or higher), followed by semi-super-high-rises, high-rises, and medium-high-rises, in that order; and 5) among plan types, tower-type apartment buildings use approximately 17% -20% more energy than flat types.The goodness-of-fit criterion stated in the 2009 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI) Edition is shown to be satisfied for the equations presented in this paper for the prediction of energy consumption of apartment buildings in their operational stage. These equations were developed through multiple regression analysis using the areas and heat transmission coefficients of structures as independent variables and using energy consumption as the dependent variable.