Resumen. Durante 2007 se obtuvo información del conocimiento y la percepción que los pobladores del ejido tienen sobre el jaguar, sus presas y los factores que afectan la distribución y su conservación. Mediante el índice de importancia cultural (IIC) se determinó el conocimiento que los ejidatarios tienen de las presas, y el uso y valor que les otorgan. Las presas que reconocieron importantes fueron venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus), temazate (Mazama temama), pecarí (Tayassu pecari), tejón (Nasua narica), armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) y tepezcuintle (Cuniculus paca); 72% de los encuestados también identificaron especies domésticas como presas del jaguar. Según su percepción, las más abundantes son pecarí, tejón y armadillo. El valor de uso más importante es el alimenticio, puesto que 82% de los encuestados ha consumido alguna especie silvestre. El valor más alto del IIC fue para el venado (27.17). En el ejido se considera perjudicial el jaguar por alimentarse del ganado. Los pobladores y los jaguares utilizan las mismas especies para obtener beneficio. El presente estudio constituye una base para el desarrollo de trabajos tendientes a manejar y conservar los recursos naturales que existen en el ejido considerando las necesidades de la población humana, de su fauna silvestre y la relación entre éstas. Palabras clave: pobladores rurales, manejo, recursos, índice de importancia cultural.
Keywords 6 7Sex-determining mechanism, genotypic sex determination, temperature-dependent sex 8 determination, gene-dosage, sex microchromosome, reptile, Crotaphytus collaris 9 10 Abstract 11 12The characteristics of a species' evolution can be powerfully influenced by its mode of sex 13 determination and, indeed, sex determination mechanisms vary widely among eukaryotes. In 14 non-avian reptiles, sex was long thought to be determined bimodally, either by temperature or 15 genetics. Here we add to the growing evidence that sex determining mechanisms in reptiles fall 16 along a continuum rather than existing as a mutually exclusive dichotomy. Using qPCR, we 17 demonstrate that the lizard Crotaphytus collaris possesses sex-based gene dosage consistent with 18 the presence of sex michrochromosomes, despite that extreme incubation temperatures can 19 influence hatchling sex ratio. Our results suggest a temperature override that switches genotypic 20 females to phenotypic males at high and low temperatures. 21 22 23 24 25the authors of this study point out that their sample size was low, this indicates a 64 temperature influence on sex determination in C. collaris. However, even at low and high 65 treatments this study did not find ratios of either sex nearing 100%. These findings hint at a more 66 complex mechanism for sex determination than pure TSD or pure GSD in C. collaris, as 67
Age estimation through skeletochronology and mark-recapture of free-living Liolaemus leopardinus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Chile. Age determination is a crucial component of ecological studies. Researchers have relied on different methods and techniques, for example mark-recapture, body size, and skeletochronology, to assess the age of free-ranging individuals. We used all three methods to estimate the age structure of a population of Liolaemus leopardinus, a highly social and saxicolous lizard species endemic to the temperate region of central Chile. This high-elevation and secretive species is considered threatened and, although efforts have been made to reveal more specific details about the species' natural history, crucial details of its biology are still unknown. Our goal was to associate the number of Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs) to snout-vent length (SVL) and use LAGs as an age estimation proxy on free-ranging individuals. For the skeletochronology analyses, a combination of toe-clips was collected when each subject was first captured in 2012-2013. SVL for all captured individuals was recorded during two different field seasons (austral spring to fall of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013). SVL data were also available for 10 individuals initially collected and permanently marked in 2005 (one juvenile and nine adults) and recaptured in 2011-2012. Three of those 10 subjects were captured again in 2012-2013. Our results revealed the formation of LAGs in L. leopardinus and a high degree of bone remodeling in both juveniles and adults. This bone remodeling combined with the high rapprochement in peripheral LAGs on the samples of the oldest lizards suggest that phalangeal bones are not suitable for age determination in this species. On the other hand, our mark-recapture results allowed us to assign individuals to four different age-classes when a subject's SVL was associated with activity periods and recaptures. Individuals of L. leopardinus are long-lived and their lifespan can exceed a decade. Female lizards become sexually mature at three to four years of age.Keywords: bone, body-length, high-altitude, lifespan, lines of arrested growth, lizards.
102Phyllomedusa -17(1), June 2018 Resumo Estimativa etária por meio de esqueletocronologia e marcação-e-recaptura de Liolaemus leopardinus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) do Chile. A determinação etária é um componente crucial de estudos ecológicos. Pesquisadores tem usado diferentes técnicas e métodos como marcação-erecaptura, tamanho do corpo e esqueletocronologia, para avaliar a idade de indivíduos na natureza. Usamos esses três métodos para estimar a estrutura etária de uma população de Liolaemus leopardinus, uma espécie de lagarto saxícola, altamente social e endêmica da região temperada do centro do Chile. Essa espécie secretiva de grandes altitudes é considerada ameaçada, e apesar dos esforços para descobrir detalhes específicos sobre a sua história natural, detalhes cruciais de sua biologia permanecem desconhecidos. Nosso objetivo foi associar o número de Linha...
Predation prompts the evolution of antipredator traits, molds behaviour, and can lead to the evolution of parental care. We investigated parental care and predator-avoidance behaviour of neonates in the social lizard Liolaemus leopardinus. We used clay models to quantify bird predation pressure on L. leopardinus. Predation was significantly greater on small models and models in open habitat. Late-term pregnant females left their social groups on rock outcrops and gave birth in solitary underneath flat rocks in vegetated microhabitat. Mothers stayed with their litters inside natal chambers for at least 24 h and when they left, sealed the neonates inside. Mothers remained close to their natal chamber and neonates when neonates emerged. Neonates and young yearlings moved significantly less and occupied vegetated microhabitat significantly more than older age classes. We suggest that the maternal behaviour and secretive behaviour of neonates may be related to the heavy avian predation on neonates.
El Minero cordillerano, Geositta rufipennis, es omnívoro y forragea en el suelo. No se tiene registro de que la especie deprede otros animales mas que invertebrados. Aquí presentamos fotografías y describimos imágenes de vídeo del primer registro de depredación en la naturaleza de un lagarto leopardo neonato, Liolaemus leopardinus, por un adulto G. rufipennis. La depredación tuvo lugar en El Colorado, Chile, mientras investigábamos el comportamiento del cuidado parental de L. leopardinus durante el verano austral de 2013. La ocurrencia de depredación de lagartos por G. rufipennis no se ha reportado con anterioridad. Nuestra documentación amplía nuestro conocimiento de los hábitos de alimentación y comportamiento de G. rufipennis y también añade esta especie a la lista de depredadores de L. leopardinus.
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