The benefit of performing ultrasonography and scintigraphy in the acute phase or cystourethrography is minimal. Our findings support (1) technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy 6 months after infection to detect scarring that may be related to long-term hypertension, proteinuria, and renal function impairment (although the degree of scarring was generally minor and did not impair renal function) and (2) continued surveillance to identify recurrent urinary tract infections that may warrant further investigation.

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Fetal gallstones were visualized sonographically in two cases at 30 and 37 weeks' gestation; follow-up scans at 2 and 3 months, respectively, disclosed their spontaneous resolution. The hypotheses advanced to explain the formation of echogenic material in the fetal gallbladder are reviewed, and the clinical utility of postnatal long-term sonographic follow-up is stressed.

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Fetus in fetu is a rare pathological condition, presenting as a congenital tumor. It consists of a malformed parasitic twin that is found within the body of its sibling. Less than 70 cases have been reported and in most of them a definite diagnosis was only made during surgery. We present a case with two fetuses in the retroperitoneum and describe the criteria to be kept in mind for a correct preoperative diagnosis using the current imaging modalities.

BACKGROUND. Approximately 20% of patients who have hepatoblastoma (HB) still have unresectable disease after preoperative chemotherapy (POC). In these circumstances, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) should be performed 1 month after POC. The authors sought to identify presenting features that would predict unresectability in patients with HB and to provide suggestions for early referral and listing for OLT. METHODS. Notes, radiology films, and histology from patients who were treated over the previous 20 years were reviewed. Unfeasible resection was defined by bilobar involvement, vascular extension, and metastatic disease after POC. Failed conservative treatment (FCT) was used to categorize patients who were not disease‐free with their native liver ≥1 year after surgery. RESULTS. Of 28 patients who were studied, 14 patients underwent resection, and 10 patients required OLT. Four patients did not undergo any type of surgery because of tumor progression. Overall, the 5‐year survival rate was 76% (95% confidence interval, 54.8–89%). Predictors of FCT were multifocality (P = .006), a high pretreatment extent of tumor (PRETEXT) score (III or IV; P = .006), portal vein involvement (P = .02), hepatic vein involvement (P = .02), or vena cava involvement (P = .05). Patients who achieved a curative resection presented at a younger age (median, 0.7 years vs 4.2 years, P = .02). Patients who had multifocal lesions and those who had an α‐fetoprotein (αFP) level <100 ng/mL survived only if they underwent transplantation. CONCLUSIONS. Patients with HB who were managed by combined chemotherapy and surgery has a high survival rate. Older patients who had multifocal tumors, high PRETEXT scores, involvement of major liver vessels, and αFP levels <100 ng/mL were less likely to achieve curative resection. These findings at presentation should lead the clinicians to liaise early with a transplantation center. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.