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The importance of Brazil for the International Trade of poultry productsinduces legislators and interested companies to pay special attention to complyingwith international standard quality requirements. One of these requirements is thesuppression of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry, as in the strategyof their use as a growth promoter. To meet this demand, the study of short-chainorganic acids becomes interesting and their review essential. As good examples forthe issue described, short chain organic acids such as citric acid, fumaric acid, sorbicacid and malic acid are extremely important due to their antimicrobial qualities,accessibility, and international acceptance. In addition to the individual effect, theblend of acids, that is, the association of acids for the role of growth promoter orperformance enhancer, combines acids that act synergistically, enhancing theirqualities. This study aims to address the physicochemical characteristics, effects, and qualities of short-chain organic acids, as well as their associated effects,encouraging further work that fils the scientifi gaps in empirical knowledgeabout these additives.
Circovirus is widespread in pig farming, and mainly affects piglets increasing morbidity and mortality rates, being vaccination the most effective strategy to control one. However, for an effective vaccine response, certain factors must be considered, such as the adoption of good practices during the conservation and handling of vaccines, environmental challenges, nutritional and health status of the animals, and presence of immunosuppressive agents, such as mycotoxins, in the feed. Here, we describe a circovirus outbreak associated with mycotoxin immunosuppression that occurred in the piglets during the nursery phase at a commercial farm, which initiated with a sudden increase in the mortality of vaccinated piglets. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using RT-PCR, while the feed was subjected to mycotoxicological analysis. RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in the blood serum samples, thereby confirming the circovirus outbreak. The feed analysis revealed elevated levels of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins, and fumonisins), which were above the levels tolerated by the piglets during the nursery phase. Therefore, the contaminated feed was discarded, and a new ration was made available. Concurrently, the vaccination program was amended to normalize the mortality rate. The presence of mycotoxins in the feed could be the predisposed factor for piglet infection caused by PCV-2 and other diseases. This is an important aspect because the immunosuppressive effect of mycotoxins can alter the vaccine response, thereby making the piglets more susceptible to the diseases even after being vaccinated, although they should be immunologically protected.
Antioxidante natural para suínos em crescimento e terminação 2 2020 by Editora In Vivo
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