Water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is suitable for resistant starch high flour because of its high amylose content. The purple, yellow, and white water yams were treated by autoclaving and cooling with one, two, and three cycles to obtain resistant starch. Water yam tubers were cooked in an autoclave for 15 min, and then cooled prior to drying. Autoclaving-cooling of water yams decreased protein, fat, dietary fiber, water soluble polysaccharide, dioscorin, and diosgenin but increased amylose and sugar. The treatments significantly raised resistant starch and reduced in vitro starch digestibility that depended on water yam types, and affected starch granule morphology.
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia, L) is a fruit that traditionally believe has benefits on health. The objective of this study is to identify bitter melon bioactive and nutritional compounds, and their effect on blood glucose level and lipid profile of streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia rats. Rats were divided into three group, those were normal group; hyperglycemia group without bitter melon fruit feeding; and hyperglycemia group with bitter melon fruit administration. Hyperglycemia condition was achieved by STZ induction. The experiment was conducted for 4 weeks. The results showed that fresh bitter melon fruit contains β-sitosterol 348.16+1.66 ppm, stigmasterol 183.08+0.8 ppm, campesterol 130.79+0.4 ppm, diosgenin 16.42+0.06 ppm, soluble dietary fiber 2.99+0.07%, insoluble dietary fiber 0.55+0.01%, and pectin 1.41+0.05%. At week 4 of experiment, bitter melon fruit fed hyperglycemia group showed a decrease of 56% blood glucose level compared to blood glucose level at week 0. Body weight of this group also increased. The improvement of lipid profile of bitter melon fed group was indicated by decreasing blood total cholesterol of 49%, triglyceride of 35%, LDL cholesterol of 42%, and increasing HDL of 133% compared to initial level at week 0. Bitter melon also increased fecal cholesterol secretion and effectively inhibited cholesterol absorption in hyperglycemia rats. Bitter melon fruit is suggested for hyperglycemia management due to its ability to reduce glucose and improve lipid profile simultaneously.
Three blanching methods, namely boiling, steaming, and boiling+sodium bicarbonate, were used to evaluate amino acids contens and score of Moringa leaves under different blanching. Results showed that blanching had a great effect on amino acids and scores of Moringa leaves and their digestibility increased. Different methods of blanching had variable effects on Moringa leaves’ amino acids and digestibility significantly (p<=0.05). Steam blanching Moringa leaves had the highest amino acid content by 31.49%. Results also revealed that under different blanching Moringa leaves at levels of leucine of steam and boil+sodium bicarbonate samples, lysine content of boil and steam blanching are higher than those of FAO/WHO requirement pattern. The in vitro protein digestibility under study ranged from 49.6 to 52.3%
ABSTRAKTingkat keberhasilan pemberian Air Susu Ibu pada dua bulan pertama masih rendah, padahal masa ini merupakan masa percepatan pertumbuhan pada bayi, disaat kebutuhan bayi meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosial ibu meliputi umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pengetahuan, Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD), dukungan suami dan teknik menyusui terhadap keberhasilan menyusui pada dua bulan pertama di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar. Metode penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik, dengan purposive sampling sebanyak 131 di Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Ibu dan Anak Pertiwi Makassar pada Oktober 2013-Januari 2014. Pengukuran teknik menyusui digunakan lembar observasi/check list yang dinilai oleh peneliti sendiri, sedangkan penilaian keberhasilan menyusui dilakukan melalui kunjungan rumah setelah subjek pulang dari Rumah Sakit, yakni pada satu minggu, dua minggu dan delapan minggu setelah subjek melahirkan, dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menemukan ada pengaruh positif antara pendidikan (p=0,006; OR=2,826), pekerjaan (p=0,001; OR=0,293), pengetahuan (p=0,000; OR=14,792), IMD (p=0,000; OR=6,771), dukungan suami (p=0,000; OR=10,988) dan teknik menyusui (p=0,001; OR=3,784) terhadap keberhasilan menyusui pada dua bulan pertama. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpukan bahwa ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan tinggi, tidak bekerja, mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik, melaksanakan IMD, mempunyai dukungan aktif dari suami, memiliki teknik menyusui yang baik dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan menyusui pada dua bulan pertama.Kata Kunci: Air Susu Ibu, faktor sosial ibu, keberhasilan menyusui dua bulan pertama ABSTRACTThe success rate of breastfeeding in the first two months is still low, whereas this stage is a stage of accelerated growth in babies. This study aims to analyze the influence of maternal social factors including age, education, occupation, knowledge, early initiation of breastfeeding, husband's support, and feeding techniques to successfully breastfeed in the first two months in RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar. The research method was an observational analytic study, with purposive sampling as many as 131 in Pertiwi Maternal and Child Special Hospital Makassar from October 2013 to January 2014. Breastfeeding technique measurement was using observation sheet/check list assessed by the researchers themselves, while the successful breastfeeding assessment was using questionnaire through home visits after the subjects were home, which were at one week, two weeks and eight weeks after subjects gave birth. Analyses of the research results were using Chi-Square. The study finds positive relationship between education (The results of this study concludes that mothers who have higher levels of education, do not work, have broad knowledge, implement the early initiation of breastfeeding, are supported actively by the husband, and have a good breastfeeding technique can improve the success of breastfeeding in the first two months.
The bitter melon nutritious profile which was full of nutrition all contributed to flexibility towards curing some kind of diseases. The purpose of the research is to investigate nutritious composition of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). The parameter used to detect was as follow: ash content, water content, crude protein, crude fat, total carbohydrate, pectin, dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin C, β-carotene, diosgenin, stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol. The reseach finding showed that the carbohidrate content by different method in the bitter melon was about 60.7-70.90 %. The most dominant dietary fiber content was soluble dietary fiber including19.2-21% pectin as wel as the most dominant phytochemical coumpound was β -sitosterol. Furthermore, crude protein content, crude fat, and ash from fresh bitter melon each was12.8-15.4%; 0.2-0.4%; 11.6-13.4%. Moreover, micro nutritious content such as calcium, vitamin C, and β-carotene each was 676.2-713.4 ppm;119.2-126.2ppm and1.5-1.7 ppm. The existance of indigenous components made the bitter melon having high potential as one of the functional food sources.
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