Ten representative pedons from the Bulia micro watershed of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, were characterized and classified to determine its land quality (LQ) class. Angular blocky, sticky, plastic consistencies and a hard consistency prevailed in the soil structure. In the alluvial plains the soil texture is dominated by the clay fraction, while in the hills and volcanic mountains the sand fraction is dominated. The soils in the Bulia micro watershed also have acid to neutral reaction, with the range of very low to high OC (organic carbon) levels, the reserve of exchangeable bases was dominated by Ca2+ in two series patterns, namely: Ca2+ > Mg+ > Na+ > K+ and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg+ > K+, cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from low to very high, and the base saturation varied from moderate to very high. The alluvial plain is represented by Inceptisol in P1 and Typic Humustepts (P7), also by Oxic Humustepts (P3), then Mollisol on P4 (Typic Argiudolls) and Typic Haplustolls (P6), Alfisol on P5 (Typic Paleustalfs). Entisol on P2 (Typic Ustipsamments) was found in volcanic mountains and P9 (Typic Paleustolls) P8 (Ultic Paleustalfs), P10 (Inceptic Haplustalfs) are typical of volcanic hills. On the alluvial plains the land was categorized as the LQ class II, III and IV, the volcanic mountains were the LQ class IV, while the land on the volcanic hills was categorized as the LQ class VI. River bank erosion on the land river terraces can be held by the manufacture of gabions, talud, cliff reinforcement plants and terraces. The soil temperatures and high clay content can be regulated by mulching and organic materials.
Soil fertility is the ability of soil to supply nutrient for the plant. The availability of nutrients in the soil is one of factors to support the success of plant growth. The addition of corn cob biochar enriched with ammonium sulfate increases the availability of nutrients in the soil. Soil conditioner is a natural compound that can improve soil fertility so it can support the plant growth. The treatments tested were the application of corn cob biochar enriched with ammonium sulfate, fertilizers, and manure. The doses of fertilizers were 120 g Urea plot-1 , 240 g TSP plot-1 , 160 g KCl plot-1 , 5 kg manure plot-1 , 8 kg corn cob biochar plot-1 , and the addition of ammonium sulfate in corn cob biochar of 8 kg plot-1. The parameters observed were soil aggregate stability, pH, C-organic, CEC, and total-N. Plant growth was measured based on plant height and leaf. The results showed that biochar treatment with ammonium sulfate had the best outcome and was able to improve soil aggregate stability up to 56%, pH 14%, C-organic 24.8%, CEC 57%, and total-N up to 18%. Besides, this treatment had the best result to the plant height in second week up to 50%, forth week 20%, sixth week 42%, eight weeks 46% and tenth week 40%. Enhancement of total leaf was up to 37% in second week, 22% in fourth week, 44% in sixth week, 35% in eighth week and 29% in tenth week.
The land use condition in Sumber Brantas Village, Batu City is 25.66% not compatible to the land capability class, while the land use condition based on the regional spatial plan there is an increase in land use by 32.05%. Land use conversion at Batu City in 2008 -2015 reduced 748.06 ha of forest area in line with an increase in dryland area of 565.18 ha; and the increase of garden area by 329.84 ha. Transfer of land functions results in changes in land cover and causes a decrease in the potential of the actual forest function. A study related to the physical properties of the soil in Sumber Brantas Village is thus needed to obtain data on current soil conditions. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of differences in land cover and soil depth on aggregate stability and its correlation with other soil properties on the western slope of Mount Arjuna. Soil sampling was carried out on four types of land cover, i.e. horticulture, forest, shrub, and grassland at depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that the type of land cover affected the soil aggregate stability, while the depth of the soil did not affect the soil aggregate stability. Organic matter influenced the value of aggregate stability with the R 2 value of 0.87. Clay particles affected aggregate stability by 0.56. Aggregate stability affected soil porosity, soil macropores, and soil hydraulic conductivity with the R 2 values of 0.76, 0.53, and 0.42, respectively.
The Best Management Practices (BMP) could improve oil palm production in smallholder plantations. This study aims to identify the effect of BMP and farmers’ practice (REF) on bulk density (BD), total N, available P, and organic C. The research was conducted in the smallholder oil palm plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia. BMP applied pruned fronds stacks in inter-rows and within rows with fertilizer application above it except nitrogen fertilizer applied in the weeded circle. Besides, REF practice applied prune fronds stacks in inter-rows with all type of fertilizer application in the weeded circle. The result based on transect analysis showed that organic C, total N, and available P significantly higher near oil palm trees. In contrast, BD did not show a significantly different. Comparing BMP and REF practice revealed that BD, organic C, and total N did not differ significantly in all point observations. However, available P showed significantly different in point 2, 4, and 6. As this study was conducted in the second year of BMP treatment, the soil properties of BD, organic C, and total N were not influenced by BMP treatment. BMP study give land management information to improve soil properties that support oil palm production.
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