Hiperdominansi jenis dan biomassa adalah suatu konsep yang menjelaskan pentingnya sebagian kecil jenis dan biomassa relatif terhadap rata-rata biomassa pohon pada suatu kawasan hutan. Pemahaman pada konsep ini berimplikasi pada upaya monitoring kawasan hutan khususnya bagi spesies penyumbang biomassa terbesar dan membantu pemahaman pada proses restorasi ekologinya. Analisis hiperdominansi jenis dan kontribusi pohon besar (DBH>50 cm) terhadap biomassa pohon telah dilakukan di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP). Sejumlah 26 plot pengamatan telah dibuat pada 26 level ketinggian yang berbeda (1013-3010 m dpl) dan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona submontana, montana, dan subalpine. Pohon-pohon yang terdapat dalam plot pengamatan kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok diameter yaitu pohon kecil (5-30 cm), pohon sedang (30-50 cm), dan pohon besar (>50 cm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hiperdominansi jenis terjadi di hutan TNGGP. Empat jenis pohon dari 114 jenis yang teridentifikasi yaitu Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, dan Castanopsis acuminatissima merepresentasikan 56,96% dari total biomassa pohon yang ada di plot TNGGP. Lebih lanjut, pohon kecil dan besar diketahui sebagai penyumbang biomassa yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan pohon sedang. Pada level plot penelitian, pohon dengan DBH>50 cm yang berjumlah 192 individu (atau 13%) dari 1471 individu pohon mampu merepresentasikan 61,4% dari total biomassanya. Namun demikian, pada level kawasan hutan, pohon kecil dan pohon besar memiliki kontribusi yang sama signifikannya terhadap biomassa per hektarnya yaitu masing-masing sebesar 40,9% dan 38,77%. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hanya sedikit jenis pohon saja mampu merepresentasikan sebagian besar dari total biomassa pohon. Pohon-pohon kecil dan besar diketahui memainkan peranan yang penting dalam biomassa di hutan TNGGP.Hyperdominance of Tree Species and Biomass in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, IndonesiaAbstractThe hyperdominance of tree species and biomass is a concept explaining the importance of a small portion of species and biomass relative to the average of biomass in a forested area. Understanding this concept has important implication on forest monitoring, especially to monitor the most significant species that show high contributes on biomass and its ecological restoration. Hyperdominance analysis of tree species and large trees (DBH > 50 cm) contribution to tree biomass were investigated in tropical mountain forest of Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). A total of 26 sample plots were installed in 26 different altitude between 1013 and 3010 m asl and grouped into three zones i.e. submontane, montane, and subalpine zones. Trees within plot were identified, measured, and grouped into three groups i.e. small (DBH 5-30 cm), medium (DBH 30-50 cm), and large trees (DBH>50 cm). The result showed that there were hyperdominant in TNGGP. Four species from 114 identified tree species i.e. Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, and Castanopsis acuminatissima represented 56.96% of the total biomass in the plot level. Furthermore, only 13% of trees from 1471 trees responsible for 61.4% of the total tree biomass in the plot level. However, small and large trees have similar significant contribution to the average biomass in the forest level i.e. 40.9% and 38.77%, respectively. These results suggest that only few species represent a huge amount of biomass. Both small and large trees play important role in the forest biomass of TNGGP.

Information on tree community structure and composition is needed in forest management and restoration. These data can be obtained using a permanent plot for studying forest dynamics, including species-specific characteristics. These characteristics are useful in the identification of native species for commercial and restoration purposes. This study aimed to describe the tree community structure and composition of a one-hectare permanent plot in the montane zone of Mount Kerinci. Data collection was conducted from July to August 2016 on Mount Kerinci, Jambi. A plot was established at 2,182-2,258 m above sea level and subdivided into 100 subplots. All trees ≥ 10 cm DBH were tagged and measured. Twenty-eight species, 18 genera, 20 families, 570 individuals and Shannon index 2.89 were identified. Most of the potential species richness was covered on the research site. Syzygium lineatum was the species with the highest importance value and Myrtaceae had the highest family importance level. The study area was dominated by slow growing species that characterize primary forests. The population structure indicated a good capacity of forest regeneration, while the vertical structure formed a stratification consisting of three strata. The dominant large trees and 5 hyperdominant trees according to total biomass contribution were identified. These species are an important priority in forest management and restoration.

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The limited access to land, particularly for the community around the forest contributed to deforestation in Indonesia. This problem drives the emergence of social forestry. In fact, the implementation of social forestry in some cases could not be done sustainably. The research was conducted to identify the determinants of sustainable social forestry and analyze the implementation of sustainable social forestry in Hutan Desa Wanagiri, Bali. The analysis is carried out using Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The study was conducted from December 2017 – May 2018. Based on the results of the study, three main principles were used to evaluate the management of Hutan Desa Wanagiri, namely the principle of sustainable environment (environmental aspects), improvement of community welfare (socio-economic aspects), and improvement of forest governance (institutional aspects). Based on the AHP results regarding the three principles, the level of sustainability of Hutan Desa Wanagiri for the environmental aspects is 49,9%, and then 62,7% for socio-economic aspect and 51% for institutional aspects. Overall, the level of sustainability of Hutan Desa Wanagiri is equal to 54,4% and classified as “moderate sustainable'. Keywords: environment, Hutan Desa, institutional, socio-economic, sustainability

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This study investigated the drivers of degradation in Southeast Asian mangroves through multi-source remote sensing data products. The degradation drivers that affect approximately half of this area are unidentified; therefore, naturogenic and anthropogenic impacts on these mangroves were studied. Various global land cover (GLC) products were harmonized and examined to identify major anthropogenic changes affecting mangrove habitats. To investigate the naturogenic factors, the impact of the water balance was evaluated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and evapotranspiration and precipitation data. Vegetation indices’ response in deforested mangrove regions depends significantly on the type of drivers. A trend analysis and break point detection of percentage of tree cover (PTC), percentage of non-tree vegetation (PNTV), and percentage of non-vegetation (PNV) datasets can aid in measuring, estimating, and tracing the drivers of change. The assimilation of GLC products suggests that agriculture and fisheries are the predominant drivers of mangrove degradation. The relationship between water balance and degradation shows that naturogenic drivers have a wider impact than anthropogenic drivers, and degradation in particular regions is likely to be a result of the accumulation of various drivers. In large-scale studies, remote sensing data products could be integrated as a remarkably powerful instrument in assisting evidence-based policy making.

Trees are one of the main important structures in forest vegetation. Other than timber and non-timber product, trees also indirectly provide ecosystem services. Until now, information on tree species richness and its relation to the elevation gradient in Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park (MGPNP) is not exist. The objectives of this research were to estimate the trees species richness and describe the relation between tree diversity to the elevation gradient in this area. A total of 26 plots (size: 20 m x 100 m each) from 1,013 m-3,010 m asl were laid down and classified into three zones i.e. sub montane (1,000 m-1,500 m asl), montane (1,500 m-2,400 m asl) and subalpine zone (>2,400 m asl). The results showed that tree species richness on this mountain taken from 1,479 enumerated trees was 127 species. Species richness of each zone were 79, 70 and 33 species for sub montane, montane and sub alpine zone respectively. The sub montane zone hold the highest tree species richness. A significant effect of elevation gradient to tree diversity indices was identified. The individual number was positively correlated, while species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Evenness index were negatively correlated with elevation gradient.

& Key message Permanent sampling plots (PSPs) are a powerful and reliable methodology to help our understanding of the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Based on the current inventory of PSPs in Indonesia, there is high potential to establish a long-term collaborative forest monitoring network. Whilst there are challenges to initiating such a network, there are also innumerable benefits to help us understand and better conserve these exceptionally diverse ecosystems.