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Budaya carok sebagai upaya penyelesaian sengketa di Madura yang menggunakan kekerasan memiliki arti yang berbeda bagi masyarakat umum dan masyarakat Madura. Bagi masyarakat Madura, carok merupakan pemulihan harga diri yang berhubungan dengan harta, tahta, dan wanita. Ada istilah “Lakona daging bisa ejai’, lokana ate tada’ tmbana kajaba ngero’ dara.” Arti ungkapan tersebut adalah “Daging yang terluka masih bisa dijahit, tapi jika hati yang terluka tidak ada obatnya, kecuali minum darah.” Sedangkan, bagi masyarakat umum, tindakan ini tidak bisa dibenarkan karena merupakan tindakan main hakim sendiri dan bertentangan dengan hukum pidana yang berlaku.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui nilai-nilai budaya carok dan sejauh mana hukum pidana Indonesia dapat mengakomodir nilai-nilai budaya carok tersebut.

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The conversion of forest functions has often occurred in Indonesia with the background of regional development, tourism and plantation business. The various impacts of this forest conversion can be categorized into environmental impacts, namely hydrology, erosion and sedimentation, fires, extinction of flora and fauna, and impacts on the socio-economic community around the forest. The aim of this research is to analyze the policy of forest conversion into oil palm plantations in Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The research was conducted using the socio-legal method with a qualitative approach which is expected to find hidden meanings behind the objects and subjects to be studied. The data in this study were obtained through observation, interviews, document interpretation (text), and personal experience. The results showed that the policy of the Lamandau Regency Regional Regulation was in accordance with the Forestry Law No. 41 of 1999 Article 48 paragraph (5). The policy is to ensure the best possible forest protection. To ensure sustainability, communities with their local wisdom are involved in forest protection efforts through the provision of assistance, services, technical assistance, education, training and socialization about forest management processes. As suggestions, State Forest Company in Lamandau Regency is expected to increase socialization to palm oil companies and communities around the Lamandau forest area regarding policies related to forest protection. For forest village communities, in order to maintain the sustainability of production forests in Lamandau Regency, they are expected to be more concerned about natural resources in production forests.

The social change of the Dago Pojok Bandung Creative Village community is one way to preserve traditional villages as a creative village that adapts to the development of times in today's modern society. The empirical approach in the study of legal Anthropology which explains that traditional/modern society has a very large influence in the lives of social change in society to achieve progress. The Comparative Approach to Legal Anthropology explains that in traditional/modern societies a rule is needed that governs the lives of its people. The change of traditional society should be addressed to the good for the good of the next generation in social life through norms, behavior that avoids the deviations of traditional/modern social change. Keywords: Social change; Empirical Approach; Comparative Legal Anthropology; Deviation