Palladium is a well-known hydrogen-absorbing
material. When palladium
is functionalized with copper(II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1),
a hydrogen-adsorbing metal–organic framework, its hydrogen-absorption
capacity can be increased. In this work, we show that, by growing
the HKUST-1 on palladium nanoparticle-functionalized single-walled
carbon nanotubes (Pd NP/SWCNT), we can dynamically monitor the adsorption
and desorption of hydrogen from the HKUST-1 and Pd NP composite by
using the carbon nanotubes as transducers in chemiresistors. Addition
of HKUST-1 to the Pd NP/SWCNT was shown to increase the sensitivity
of the nanocomposite material to hydrogen by 300% and limit of detection
to hydrogen by 33%. The increase in sensitivity was attributed to
the increased hydrogen sorption capacity of the combined HKUST-1/Pd
NP. A factor of 8 improvement in sensitivity was further achieved
by using semiconductor-enriched SWCNT instead of mixed metallic/semiconducting
nanotubes and a corresponding improvement in the theoretical limit
of detection down to 70 ppb.
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