Metal–Organic Frameworks on Palladium Nanoparticle–Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Monitoring Hydrogen Storage

Abstract

Palladium is a well-known hydrogen-absorbing material. When palladium is functionalized with copper­(II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1), a hydrogen-adsorbing metal–organic framework, its hydrogen-absorption capacity can be increased. In this work, we show that, by growing the HKUST-1 on palladium nanoparticle-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd NP/SWCNT), we can dynamically monitor the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen from the HKUST-1 and Pd NP composite by using the carbon nanotubes as transducers in chemiresistors. Addition of HKUST-1 to the Pd NP/SWCNT was shown to increase the sensitivity of the nanocomposite material to hydrogen by 300% and limit of detection to hydrogen by 33%. The increase in sensitivity was attributed to the increased hydrogen sorption capacity of the combined HKUST-1/Pd NP. A factor of 8 improvement in sensitivity was further achieved by using semiconductor-enriched SWCNT instead of mixed metallic/semiconducting nanotubes and a corresponding improvement in the theoretical limit of detection down to 70 ppb.

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“…1 Star and co-workers reported the functionalization of metal− organic frameworks on palladium-nanoparticle-containing carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage monitoring with a factor of 8 improvement in sensitivity. 2 Laursen et al quantitatively investigated the energy transfer in smallmolecule self-assembled nanoparticles for harvesting UV light. Upon tuning, they found that the energy-transfer efficiency could be increased by 100%.…”

“…Kim et al studied the substitution of some rare-earth elements into the Zr site of Na 1+ x Zr 2 Si x P 3– x O 12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) nanostructures in an effort to tune the structural properties on the nanoscale and improve the ionic conductivity for applications in all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries . Star and co-workers reported the functionalization of metal–organic frameworks on palladium-nanoparticle-containing carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage monitoring with a factor of 8 improvement in sensitivity . Laursen et al quantitatively investigated the energy transfer in small-molecule self-assembled nanoparticles for harvesting UV light.…”

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“…MOFs are hybrid materials that combine the unique properties of both types of unit. 14 Because of the aforementioned properties, MOF-based materials have been used in other applications like adsorption, 15 sensing, 16,17 photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into renewable fuels, 18,19 gas storage and separation and water purification, [20][21][22] photocatalysis, 23,24 catalysis 25,26 and advanced oxidation processes. 27 Various MOF-based materials have been found to be useful for the treatment of a variety of pollutants.…”

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“…Hybridizing MOFs with conductive carbon materials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), offers a practical method to enable electrical applications for many traditional MOFs. This approach facilitated the evolvement of multiple nonconductive MOFs in electrical sensing, electrochemistry, and electrocatalysis. − It is worth noticing that among the reported SWCNT/MOF hybrid material, most of the research centered around their application in electrochemistry. − The utilization of SWCNT/MOF hybrid materials in electrical sensor applications was underexplored, despite the promising characteristics of SWCNTs.…”

“…This approach facilitated the evolvement of multiple nonconductive MOFs in electrical sensing, electrochemistry, and electrocatalysis. 9 − 14 It is worth noticing that among the reported SWCNT/MOF hybrid material, most of the research centered around their application in electrochemistry. 15 − 19 The utilization of SWCNT/MOF hybrid materials in electrical sensor applications was underexplored, despite the promising characteristics of SWCNTs.…”