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This paper explores the feasibility, advantages, and challenges of an ICN-based approach in the Internet of Things. We report on the first NDN experiments in a life-size IoT deployment, spread over tens of rooms on several floors of a building. Based on the insights gained with these experiments, the paper analyses the shortcomings of CCN applied to IoT. Several interoperable CCN enhancements are then proposed and evaluated. We significantly decreased control traffic (i.e., interest messages) and leverage data path and caching to match IoT requirements in terms of energy and bandwidth constraints. Our optimizations increase content availability in case of IoT nodes with intermittent activity. This paper also provides the first experimental comparison of CCN with the common IoT standards 6LoWPAN/RPL/UDP.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is projected to soon interconnect tens of billions of new devices, in large part also connected to the Internet. IoT devices include both high-end devices which can use traditional go-to operating systems (OS) such as Linux, and low-end devices which cannot, due to stringent resource constraints, e.g. very limited memory, computational power, and power supply. However, large-scale IoT software development, deployment, and maintenance requires an appropriate OS to build upon. In this paper, we thus analyse in detail the specific requirements that an OS should satisfy to run on low-end IoT devices, and we survey applicable operating systems, focusing on candidates that could become an equivalent of Linux for such devices i.e. a one-size-fits-most, open source OS for lowend IoT devices.

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Industrial control systems have traditionally been built around dedicated wired solutions. The requirements of flexibility, mobility and cost have created a strong push towards wireless solutions, preferably solutions requiring low power. Simultaneously, the increased need for interoperability and integration with the wider Internet made a transition to IPbased communication unavoidable. Following these trends, we survey 6TiSCH, the emerging family of standards for IP-based industrial communication over low-power and lossy networks. We describe the state of the standardization work, the major issues being discussed, and open questions recently identified. Based on extensive first-hand experience, we discuss challenges in implementation of this new wave of standards. Lessons learned are highlighted from four popular open-source implementations of these standards: OpenWSN, Contiki, RIOT and TinyOS. We outline major requirements, present insights from early interoperability testing and performance evaluations, and provide guidelines for chip manufacturers and implementers.

While the IoT deployments multiply in a wide variety of verticals, the most IoT devices lack a built-in secure firmware update mechanism. Without such a mechanism, however, critical security vulnerabilities cannot be fixed, and the IoT devices can become a permanent liability, as demonstrated by recent large-scale attacks. In this paper, we survey open standards and open source libraries that provide useful building blocks for secure firmware updates for the constrained IoT devices-by which we mean lowpower, microcontroller-based devices such as networked sensors/actuators with a small amount of memory, among other constraints. We design and implement a prototype that leverages these building blocks and assess the security properties of this prototype. We present experimental results including first experiments with SUIT, a new IETF standard for secure IoT firmware updates. We evaluate the performance of our implementation on a variety of commercial off-the-shelf constrained IoT devices. We conclude that it is possible to create a secure, standards-compliant firmware update solution that uses the state-of-the-art security for the IoT devices with less than 32 kB of RAM and 128 kB of flash memory.

International audienceThe potential availability of storage space at cellular and femtocell base-stations (BSs) raises the following question: How should one optimize performance through both load balancing and content replication when requests can be sent to several such BSs? We formally introduce an optimization model to address this question and propose an online algo- rithm for dynamic caching and request assignment. Cru- cially our request assignment scheme is based on a server price signal that jointly reflects content and bandwidth avail- ability. We prove that our algorithm is optimal and sta- ble in a limiting regime that is obtained by scaling the ar- rival rates and content chunking. From an implementation standpoint, guided by the online algorithm we design a light- weight scheme for request assignments that is based on load and cache-miss cost signals; for cache replacements, we pro- pose to use the popular LRU (Least Recently Used) strat- egy. Through simulations, we exhibit the efficacy of our joint-price based request assignment strategy in comparison to the common practices of assigning requests purely based on either bandwidth availability or content availability