LS and UC are clearly the safest and most efficient methods of coagulation, whereas ME and BE could cause serious clinical and histological complications. We found histological evidence that UC causes a slightly greater inflammatory response than LS, and the clinical implications of this warrant further investigation.
A marked decrease in MCD was found in patients presenting with congestive heart failure as the result of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and a depressed CFR.
Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) have recently emerged as novel proliferation markers with prognostic implications in several tumour types. This is the first study investigating MCM-2 and MCM-5 immunohistochemical expression in a series of ovarian adenocarcinomas and low malignant potential (LMP) tumours aiming to determine possible associations with clinicopathological parameters, the conventional proliferation index Ki-67, cell cycle regulators (p53, p27 Kip1 , p21 WAF1 and pRb) and patients' outcome. Immunohistochemistry was applied in a series of 43 cases of ovarian LMP tumours and 85 cases of adenocarcinomas. Survival analysis was restricted to adenocarcinomas. The median MCM-2 and MCM-5 labelling indices (LIs) were significantly higher in adenocarcinomas compared to LMP tumours (Po0.0001 for both associations). In adenocarcinomas, the levels of MCM-2 and MCM-5 increased significantly with advancing tumour stage (P ¼ 0.0052 and P ¼ 0.0180, respectively), whereas both MCM-2 and MCM-5 increased significantly with increasing tumour grade (P ¼ 0.0002 and P ¼ 0.0006, respectively) and the presence of bulky residual disease (Po0.0001 in both relationships). A strong positive correlation was established between MCM-2 or MCM-5 expression level and Ki-67 LI (Po0.0001) as well as p53 protein (P ¼ 0.0038 and P ¼ 0.0500, respectively). Moreover, MCM-2 LI was inversely correlated with p27KipÀ1 LI (P ¼ 0.0068). Finally, both MCM-2 and MCM-5 were associated significantly with adverse patients' outcome in both univariate (X20 vs 420%, P ¼ 0.0011 and X25 vs o25%, P ¼ 0.0100, respectively) and multivariate (P ¼ 0.0001 and 0.0090, respectively) analysis. An adequately powered independent group of 45 patients was used in order to validate our results in univariate survival analysis. In this group, MCM-2 and MCM-5 expression retained their prognostic significance (Po0.0001 in both relationships). In conclusion, MCM-2 and MCM-5 proteins appear to be promising as prognostic markers in patients with ovarian adenocarcinomas.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is a key regulator of adipogenic differentiation and glucose homeostasis. PPAR-gamma ligands have recently been demonstrated to affect proliferation and differentiation in cancer cells lines. The aim of the present work was to examine PPAR-gamma expression in colon cancer cases. PPAR-gamma expression was examined immunohistochemically in 86 colon cancer cases and was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity, cell cycle-related molecule expression, and patient survival. Positive PPAR-gamma immunostaining was prominent in 48 of 86 cases (56%). PPAR-gamma positivity was not correlated with Dukes' stage, histological grade of differentiation, lymph node and liver metastasis, venous invasion, tumor proliferative capacity, or patient survival. A statistically significant correlation was found between PPAR-gamma and the expression of cell cycle-related molecules pRb (P < 0.016), cyclin D1 (P <0.009), p16 (P<0.032), and p21 (P<0.033), while a positive trend for cyclin E was also noted (P<0.057). The pattern, intensity, and extent of PPAR-gamma expression in positive cases were not correlated with any of the examined variables. Our findings support evidence for participation of this protein in the biological mechanisms underlying carcinogenic evolution in the colon, also suggesting the importance of specific PPAR-gamma ligands as cell cycle modulators for a future therapeutic approach in colon cancer.
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