These manufacturing cost model results ("Data") are provided by the Na,onal Renewable Energy Laboratory ("CEMAC"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC ("Alliance") for the U.S. Department of Energy (the "DOE"). It is recognized that disclosure of these Data is provided under the following condi,ons and warnings: (1) these Data have been prepared for reference purposes only; (2) these Data consist of forecasts, es,mates or assump,ons made on a best-efforts basis, based upon present expecta,ons; and (3) these Data were prepared with exis,ng informa,on and are subject to change without no,ce. The names DOE/CEMAC/ALLIANCE shall not be used in any representa,on, adver,sing, publicity or other manner whatsoever to endorse or promote any en,ty that adopts or uses these Data. DOE/CEMAC/ALLIANCE shall not provide any support, consul,ng, training or assistance of any kind with regard to the use of these Data or any updates, revisions or new versions of these Data.
Manufacturing capacity for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)-which power many consumer electronics and are increasingly used to power electric vehicles-is heavily concentrated in east Asia. Currently, China, Japan, and Korea collectively host 88% of all LIB cell and 79% of automotive LIB cell manufacturing capacity. Mature supply chains and strong cumulative production experience suggest that most LIB cell production will remain concentrated in Asia. However, other regions-including North America-could be competitive in the growing automotive LIB cell market under certain conditions. To illuminate the factors that drive regional competitiveness in automotive LIB cell production, this study models cell manufacturing cost and minimum sustainable price, and examines development of LIB supply chains and current LIB market conditions. Modeled costs are for large format, 20-Ah stacked pouch cells with lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) cathodes and graphite anodes suitable for automotive application. Production volume is assumed to be at commercial scale, 600 MWh per year.
REopt is an energy planning platform offering concurrent, multiple technology integration and optimization capabilities to help clients meet their cost savings and energy performance goals. The REopt platform provides techno-economic decision support analysis throughout the energy planning process, from agency-level screening and macro planning to project development to energy asset operation. REopt employs an integrated approach to optimizing the energy costs of a site by considering electricity and thermal consumption, resource availability, complex tariff structures including time-of-use, demand and export rates, incentives, net metering, and interconnection limits. Formulated as a mixed integer linear program, REopt recommends an optimally sized mix of conventional and renewable energy, and energy storage technologies; estimates the net present value associated with implementing those technologies; and provides the cost-optimal dispatch strategy for operating them at maximum economic efficiency. The REopt platform can be customized to address a variety of energy optimization scenarios including policy, microgrid, and operational energy applications. This paper presents the REopt techno-economic model along with two examples of recently completed analysis projects.
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