According to the Kardashev scale, likely extraterrestrial civilizations above Type-I might use natural energy sources of the Universe, which is also true for transmitting their signals out to distances. A variety of studies have shown that radio pulsars are most likely candidates for this. First, the current study examined how the radio beams of pulsars scan across their environment. Later when the radio beams of pulsars have been modulated, a network model has been proposed on how many habitable planets possible to be home for other assumed advanced civilizations could be reached. It has been found that size of each pulsar's broadcast network depends on the inclination angle. If a civilization controls multiple pulsars, it could comb a considerable fraction of their own celestial sphere and pulsars share their signals in a decentralized fashion as in the mail servers. Moreover, it is briefly cited how beam-modulating mechanisms can be built and searched around pulsars.Highlights •  It has been shown how pulsars would behave like beacons only when they have been used by modulating their radio signals.•  It has also been indicated how each pulsar could constitute an increasingly growing broadcast network by sweeping geometries and in what way it would emerge as number of controlled pulsars increases.•  It has been interpreted how a modulation mechanism could be established and searched under basic physical principles.

According to the Kardashev scale, possible Type-II and above civilizations could use energy sources of the universe in different ways. Self-replicator von Neumann probes believed to invade any galaxies in various studies could also have uses for gaining energy, in which Dyson swarm structures are likely to consist of probes that could emit energy from any luminous celestial object is to be considered first. On addressing some possible dynamical properties of probes, the study has examined in which size and populations they could enfold a star and how they could have observational evidences according to relevant star's energy output. On the basis of our solar system, it has also been shown using a weighted-directed network structure what kind of population and route they could have in case of spreading to the nearest-neighbouring stars.

Aim: The objectives of this study are, first, to investigate a star network analysis of phylogenetic trees of identified Y. lipolytica strains with or without one out-group, and secondly, to show the redundancy of the out-groups in phylogenetic tree. Material and Methods:In this study we used 22 Yarrowia lipolytica strains which were identified with sequencing of D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA region, two phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by the neighbor joining method including an out-group or not. The starlike weighted network analysis of these two phylogenetic trees was investigated. Results:The adjacency matrix formalism of our weighted phylogenetic network with the outgroup looks like a directed star graph adjacency matrix. The lowest weight is the edge from the central node to Candida sake out-group (0.00008) corresponding to the narrowest edge. However, the edge going from central node to Yarrowia lipolytica TEM YL 19 has a weight of 0.0825 and the thickest structure. Conclusion:Thus network analysis show that phylogenetic relationship between close strain and subspecies can be confirmed and also the out-group in this phylogenetic tree is unnecessary due to the negligible change in the average weighted degree and its some statistical computations.

Dynamic networks imply those states of which change over time and such changes are generally associated with the topology of a network. Dynamic models are currently needed for numerous systems which could be defined as a network model. Those related to the propagation of living organisms are also a typical example. The study has examined a sample space which has been defined in the network topology of human population as the way in which it will spread with population growth and correlated with various variables in the modeled dynamic network.

The newly emerging sciences of Human-Centric Functional Modeling provides an approach towards modeling systems that is hypothesized to maximize human capacity to understand and navigate complexity in those systems. This paper provide an overview exploring how Human-Centric Functional Modeling might be applied in condensed matter physics, and how this increase in capacity to understand complexity might be achieved.