All K. pneumoniae strains possessed bla The clonal spreading was particularly detected in Anesthesiology Intensive Care Unit. Molecular epidemiological monitorization of nosocomial pathogens may prevent the spread of these multidrug resistant pathogens.
BackgroundStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus which is widely recognised as an important nosocomial pathogen causing pneumonia, blood-stream, wound and urinary tract infections, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate a nosocomial outbreak of by S. maltophilia in an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital and evaluate unexpected multiclonality.MethodsA total of 11 isolates from respiratory cultures in intensive care unit of a 24 bed tertiary hospital obtained over a one months period and one isolate obtained from the nebuliser during environmental screening were investigated. The bacteria were identified by Phoenix 100 system. The clonal relatedness was evaluated by PFGE and semi-automated repetitive sequence-based PCR. Genotyping tests were repeated for 10 serial subcultures.ResultsPFGE and DiversiLab yielded 10 genotypic profiles for 12 isolates. Four to eight different genotypes were observed from 10 subcultures of the same isolate.ConclusionWe conclude that, high genetic diversity and supposed multiclonal appearance of the outbreak isolates may be due to changing profiles during subcultures most probably depending on hypermutation.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, Eğitim Bilimleri alanında yayınlanmış, lisansüstü tezlerin, ilgili istatistiksel analize dayalı olarak, sahip oldukları varsayımların test edilme durumlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Betimsel araştırma modelinde olan bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de 2015, 2016 ve 2017 (Eylül ayına kadar) yıllarında Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüleri tarafından yayınlanmış ve Ulusal Tez Merkezi üzerinden erişimine izin verilmiş 95 lisansüstü tez incelenmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan tez inceleme formu ile toplanan veriler frekans ve yüzde değerlerinden yararlanarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda istatistiksel analizlerin gereği olan varsayımların yeterli derecede incelenmediği görülmüştür. Özellikle normallik, varyans homojenliği ve doğrusal ilişki varsayımlarının daha az sayıda eksiksiz ve doğru şekilde test edildiği, diğer taraftan örneklem büyüklüğü varsayımının diğer varsayımlara göre daha fazla sayıda eksiksiz ve doğru şekilde test edildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Test-taking strategies are discussed in the literature as an important factor affecting test scores and are recommended to be taken into consideration regarding the validity of tests. Although studies have been conducted for more than a quarter century, no agreement has been reached on the dimensions of test-taking strategies. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale of test-taking strategies for university and high school students who experience intense periods of testing. In the scale created for this purpose, we consider tests with different types of titems and focus on strategies before, during, and after the test, excluding test preparation. Two separate forms of test-taking strategies were developed for the high school (27 items) and undergraduate (18 items) levels, using promising measurement theories and models.. Results indicated that the Person Separation Index, as a reliability index, was calculated as .88 for the high-school form and .93 for the undergraduate form. This study is significant in presenting valid and reliable tools for measuring test-taking strategies and can be considered exemplary research that uses the Partial Credit Model for Likert-type scale development.
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