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The aim of this study is to define whether there are any differences in the visual-motor integration skills of 60-72-month-old children at low and high socio-economic status as regard the age factor. The study was conducted on a total of 148 children consisting of 78 children representing low socio-economic status and 70 children representing high socio-economic status in the city center of Edirne. In the study, the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI-5th), which was developed by Beery-Buktenica (2004) and for which the studies of validity and reliability were made by Ercan and Aral (2011) after being translated into Turkish, was administered. It is reported that both the age and the status of being at low and high socio-economic status create a meaningful difference (p<.05) in the visual-motor integration, visual perception and motor integration of 60-72-month-old children at low and high socio-economic status and visual-motor integration mean score is higher for 66-72-month-old children and the children at high socio-economic status.

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We examined the associations among parental emotion socialization, and children's emotion regulation and attachment to parents. In particular, we examined the moderating role of parental emotion socialization in the relationship between children's emotion regulation and attachment to parents. Participants were 78 Turkish children (49 boys) aged from 60 to 77 months and their parents. Parents reported on the socialization strategies they used for their children's emotions and on their children's emotion regulation, and we assessed children's attachment to parents via the Doll Story Completion Task. Results revealed that parents' minimization reaction to children's emotions moderated the association between children's emotion regulation and attachment to parents. When parents' response was punitive, children with poor emotion regulation displayed stronger attachment to parents than children with robust emotion regulation. In addition, girls had a more secure attachment than boys to parents. Our results highlight the importance of children's emotion regulation and parental emotion socialization for children's secure early attachment to parents.

This study advances the cross-cultural temperament literature by comparing temperament ratings of toddlers from 14 nations. Multilevel modeling (MLM) procedures were utilized to regress negative emotionality (NE) and component subscales on Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions while controlling for age and gender. More individualistic values were associated with lower NE, and component discomfort, fear, motor activity, perceptual sensitivity, and soothability scales. The discomfort subscale was negatively associated with power distance and positively associated with masculine cultural values. Higher ratings of shyness were related to a more long-term cultural orientation. Results illustrate the feasibility of an MLM approach to cross-cultural research and provide a new perspective on the intersection of culture and temperament development. Limitations and future implications are discussed.

In parallel with the significant and exciting advancements in robot technologies, the use of humanoid robots to support teaching strategies and learning goals has become a popular topic. Different from the traditional instructional or learning tools, humanoid robots can exhibit mobile behaviours and numerous repetitions and are very helpful to the students in developing problem-solving and collaboration abilities. Presently, the roles of humanoid robots in classrooms fall into four main categories: learning materials, learning companions, teaching assistants and communication mediators to support group learning, respectively. With the humanoid appearance, anthropomorphism, interaction, flexibility, repeatability and digital data representation, humanoid robots have great potential to be useful especially in preschool and primary school education. In this paper, limitations and challenges of the use of humanoid robots as teaching assistants are presented in addition to exploring the relationship between humanoid robots and performance in learning. Keywords: Humanoid robot, teaching, social interaction, learning tool, assisted learning.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience levels in parents having disability children, and also to make a comparison of the levels of hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience between parents having disability children and parents having normal children. With ease of accessibility sampling, parents having disability children (Ndis=174) and parents having normal children (Nnor=99) from Kütahya were selected to gather data. 220 participants were female, while 53 were male (Ntotal=273). In this research, the Integrative Hope Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Resilience Appraisal Scale were applied in order to determine the levels of hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience of the parents. As a result, the parents having disability children were observed to have higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty and lower levels of hope and resilience than parents having normal children. Moreover, there are statistically significant relationships between hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience. Finally, having disability children and disability types are the important factors for high intolerance of uncertainty and low hope and resilience levels.   Keywords: Hope, intolerance of uncertainty, resilience, disability children.