The use of a guanosine gel as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis is introduced. Guanosine gels are reversible organized media that are formed through the self-association of guanosine compounds. Their degree of organization and their physicochemical properties can be modulated through variations in guanosine monomer concentration, pH, temperature, and cation content. Baseline resolution of the d and l enantiomers of propranolol was achieved using a reversible biogel formed by 5'-guanosine monophosphate as the run buffer in capillary electrophoresis. Conditions were optimized to provide enantiomeric resolution of 2.1-2.3 in less than 5 min. The reversibility of the gel network offers potential advantages for chiral separations, including the possibility of using thermal or chemical dissociation of the gel network to remove the nucleoside monomers from the separated enantiomers, thereby eliminating the chiral selector as a source of physical contamination of the enantiomerically pure products and spectral background in UV absorbance detection.

Philanthropic support of higher education is a growing area of interest among academic fundraisers and philanthropy scholars. The academic fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), in particular, are in need of a better understanding of their major donors. This article analyzes a unique database of announced gifts to higher education institutions from 1995 to 2017 to investigate relationships between major donors’ characteristics and the magnitude of their gifts to STEM and all other academic disciplines. Major donors to STEM are disproportionately entrepreneurs who, on average, give larger gifts to STEM than other major donors. Quantile regressions reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between major donors’ entrepreneurial status and gift amounts at the 99th quantile (worth US$100 million or more). As major funding sources for academic STEM are increasingly threatened, these findings are pertinent to academic institutions seeking to leverage major donors as an alternative source of funding.

This paper proposes a conceptual definition of morally conscious decision-making as “cognizant processing of an actor’s core values setting aside self-interest when presented with a dilemma.” Using moral phenomenology, Deweyan pragmatism, and piecing together previous works on decision-making, we develop a definitional framework that makes a case for specified and refined scopes of our understanding of morality and ethics in public administration. We then decompartmentalize this framework to demonstrate the validity, benefits, purpose, and consequences of decision-making that is morally conscious. We propose critical thinking and situational awareness as required skills for the application of the proposed framework. Ultimately, morally conscious decision-making is a way for public administration to better activate a response to growing demands for increased accountability and just leadership.

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ABSTRACT:The disposition of [ 14 C]-labeled n-butyl glycidyl ether (BGE, 3-butoxy-1,2-epoxypropane) was studied in rats and mice. The majority of a single p.o. dose (2-200 mg/kg) was excreted in urine (rats, 84-92%; mice, 64-73%) within 24 h. The rest of the dose was excreted in feces (rats, 2.6-7.7%; mice, 5.3-12%) and in expired air as 14 CO 2 (rats, 1.5%; mice, 10-18%), or remained in the tissues (rats, 2.7-4.4%; mice, 1.5-1.7%). No parent BGE was detected in rat or mouse urine. Fifteen urinary metabolites were identified, including 3-butoxy-2-hydroxy-1-propanol and its monosulfate or monoglucuronide conjugates, 3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropionic acid, O-butyl-N-acetylserine, butoxyacetic acid, 2-butoxyethanol, and 3-butoxy-1-(N-acetylcystein-S-yl)-2-propanol, the mercapturic acid metabolite derived from conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with BGE at the C-1 position. Some of these metabolites underwent further -1 oxidation to form a 3-hydroxybutoxy substitution. One urinary metabolite was from -oxidation of 3-butoxy-1-(N-acetylcystein-S-yl)-2-propanol to yield the corresponding carboxylic acid. Oxidative deamination of 3-butoxy-1-(cystein-S-yl)-2-propanol gave the corresponding ␣-keto acid and ␣-hydroxy acid metabolites that were present in mouse urine but not in rat urine. An in vitro incubation of BGE with GSH showed that the conjugation occurred only at the C-1 position with or without the addition of GSH S-transferase.