RESUMENPoco después de su nombramiento como Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO en 1985, el Centro Histórico de Salvador de Bahia, y más concretamente el Pelourinho, comenzó a experimentar importantes transformaciones encaminadas a consolidar a esta ciudad brasileña como un destacado referente turístico de América del Sur. Los resultados de las políticas de intervención llevadas a cabo en este sentido han despertado sentimientos encontrados entre los diferentes actores involucrados en el proceso, al tiempo que han servido como referente para otras ciudades que, de manera parecida a Salvador, han visto en sus respectivas áreas centrales antiguas un importante potencial para el desarrollo del turismo. En el presente artículo se analizan las diferentes políticas de intervención que las autoridades locales y regionales han llevado a cabo en el Centro Histórico de Salvador desde fines del siglo XIX. Con ello queremos poner de relieve las sucesivas "reinvenciones" y transformaciones que la zona ha experimentado, respondiendo, por lo general, a los diferentes intereses de los grupos de poder que las impulsaron. También se destacan algunos de los conflictos generados a lo largo de dicho proceso y los retos pendientes para la conformación del Pelourinho en un espacio vivo y multifuncional.Palabras clave: bien cultural, Brasil, ciudad, centros históricos, políticas urbanas, Salvador de Bahía, siglo XX.Transformation, conflict and identities in the historic centre of Salvador de Bahia ABSTRACT Shortly after its designation as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985, the historic centre of Salvador de Bahia, and more specifically Pelourinho, started to undergo significant changes which were oriented to the consolidation of this Brazilian city as an important tourist destination in South America. The outcome of the regeneration policies that have been implemented to this end has elicited conflicting reactions among the stakeholders in the process and the results have become points of reference for other cities which have identified the potential for tourism in their central historic areas, as in Salvador. This paper analyses the various urban renewal policies that local and regional authorities have implemented in the historic centre of Salvador since the late nineteenth century. In doing so we wish to highlight the successive 'reinventions' and transformations of the area, which in general have responded to the interests of the power groups that initiated them. In addition, the paper focuses on some of the conflicts which arose during the process, as well as the challenges that remain in order to turn Pelourinho into a lively, multifunctional space.
This article analyses aspects related to the development of the paving, lighting, sewerage and cleaning of streets and squares in the city of San Juan de Puerto Rico, during Miguel de la Torre’s government of the island (1823-1837). With this research we intend to offer a new and complementary view to the existing one on the management of this governor, who, along with the Cabildo, had powers in these matters, while at the same time deepening the analysis of the urban history of the city of San Juan for that period. The information on the experience that other relevant urban centers of the period, such as Madrid, Mexico or Havana, had in this type of actions is also included, with the purpose of contextualizing both the measures applied and their scope.
Values regarding built heritage have developed historically in response to both international agendas and local circumstances, and have underpinned the creation of World Heritage Sites and regeneration approaches within these. Such regeneration processes are an arena where different interests meet and often confront each other, with concepts and values of built heritage being used to different ends by the actors involved. However, the origins of conservation concepts and approaches are seldom considered. This paper examines the historical development of built heritage awareness and conservation policies from an institutionalist perspective at the international, European and Latin. American levels. It then considers conservation policies in Scotland and Brazil, particularly in the central areas in Edinburgh and Salvador from the 19th century to the 1970s, and the growing awareness of built heritage among certain sections of society and local institutions in these localities. Finally, the paper analyses the reasons behind, and types of, interventions in Edinburgh's Old Town and Salvador's Pelourinho and Maciel neighbourhoods, and the level of awareness of built heritage among the general population in the two cities. The paper draws conclusions on the influence of various factors on the development of approaches to built heritage and on the different ways in which these contributed to a particular awareness of built heritage in Edinburgh and Salvador.
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